What Happens If You Get Bitten By A Snake In Australia?
Getting bitten by a snake in Australia can be a serious medical emergency, potentially leading to severe envenomation; however, proper first aid and prompt medical attention greatly increase the chances of a full recovery. Knowing what happens if you get bitten by a snake in Australia and how to respond is crucial.
The Reality of Snake Bites in Australia
Australia is home to some of the world’s most venomous snakes. While the thought of a snakebite is understandably frightening, it’s important to understand the reality: snake bites, while a risk, are relatively uncommon, and fatalities are even rarer. Effective antivenoms and advanced medical care contribute significantly to this. However, the potential for severe envenomation necessitates a proactive and informed approach to prevent bites and manage them effectively should they occur.
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Identifying Australian Snakes
Australia boasts a diverse range of snakes, with approximately 100 venomous species. Some of the most well-known and medically significant snakes include:
- Brown snakes: Fast-moving and highly venomous.
- Tiger snakes: Varied colors, potent neurotoxins.
- Death adders: Ambush predators, fast strike, highly venomous.
- Taipans: Extremely venomous, inhabiting remote areas.
- Copperheads: Found in cooler climates.
It’s not essential to identify the exact species that bit you. The pressure immobilization technique (explained later) is effective against all Australian land snakes, and hospitals carry polyvalent antivenoms which can be effective even if the specific snake isn’t known.
Symptoms of Snake Envenomation
The symptoms of snake envenomation can vary depending on the type of snake, the amount of venom injected, and the individual’s reaction. However, common symptoms include:
- Pain and swelling at the bite site.
- Bleeding and blistering around the bite.
- Headache.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Abdominal pain.
- Blurred vision.
- Difficulty breathing.
- Muscle weakness.
- Paralysis.
- Bleeding disorders.
It’s crucial to remember that not all bites result in envenomation. “Dry bites,” where no venom is injected, do occur. However, always treat every bite as a potential emergency.
First Aid: Pressure Immobilisation Technique
The pressure immobilisation technique is the recommended first aid for all Australian snake bites. It aims to slow the spread of venom through the lymphatic system. Here’s how to apply it:
- Call for help: Dial emergency services (000 in Australia) immediately.
- Apply a pressure bandage: Wrap a broad, elastic bandage firmly around the bitten limb, starting just above the fingers or toes and extending as far up the limb as possible. The bandage should be as tight as you would apply for a sprained ankle.
- Immobilize the limb: Use a splint (e.g., a stick or cardboard) to keep the limb still.
- Keep the person calm and still: Movement increases venom spread.
- Mark the bite site: If possible, mark the location of the bite on the bandage. This can help with identification later.
- Do not:
- Wash the bite site.
- Cut the bite.
- Attempt to suck out the venom.
- Apply a tourniquet.
Medical Treatment
Once the person reaches a medical facility, doctors will assess the situation and administer appropriate treatment. This may include:
- Venom detection kit: A swab from the bite site is tested to identify the snake species (although this isn’t always necessary).
- Antivenom: Specific antivenoms are available for most Australian snakes.
- Supportive care: Measures to manage symptoms like breathing difficulties, blood clotting problems, and kidney failure.
Prevention is Key
The best way to avoid the consequences of what happens if you get bitten by a snake in Australia is to prevent bites from occurring in the first place.
- Wear appropriate clothing: When hiking or walking in bushland, wear long pants, long sleeves, and sturdy boots.
- Be aware of your surroundings: Watch where you step and avoid walking through long grass or areas with dense vegetation.
- Make noise: Snakes are sensitive to vibrations and will often move away if they hear you approaching.
- Avoid handling snakes: Never attempt to catch or kill a snake.
- Keep your yard tidy: Remove piles of wood or debris where snakes might hide.
The Role of Snake Catchers
If you find a snake on your property, do not attempt to handle it yourself. Contact a qualified and licensed snake catcher to safely remove the snake. Search online for “snake catcher [your location]” to find local services.
| Action | Correct Response | Incorrect Response |
|---|---|---|
| ————————- | ———————————————- | ——————————————- |
| Encounter a Snake | Stand still, allow it to move away | Run, scream, attempt to kill it |
| Snake Bite Occurs | Apply pressure bandage, immobilize, call 000 | Wash the bite, apply a tourniquet |
| Snake on Your Property | Call a licensed snake catcher | Try to catch or kill it yourself |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the mortality rate for snake bites in Australia?
The mortality rate from snake bites in Australia is very low, thanks to readily available antivenom and advanced medical care. Fatalities are rare, usually occurring in remote areas or in cases where medical attention is delayed. It is crucial to seek medical attention immediately after any suspected snake bite.
How quickly does antivenom need to be administered after a snake bite?
Antivenom should be administered as soon as possible after a snake bite. The sooner it’s given, the more effective it will be at neutralizing the venom. While antivenom can still be effective even hours after a bite, it is most beneficial when given promptly.
Can you identify a snake bite by looking at the bite marks?
While sometimes the appearance of the bite marks can suggest the type of snake involved, it is not always reliable. Relying solely on the appearance of the bite marks to identify the snake can be misleading. Venom detection tests are more accurate, and the pressure immobilization technique is effective regardless of the snake species.
Are children more vulnerable to snake bites than adults?
Children are generally considered more vulnerable to snake bites than adults, mainly because a given amount of venom has a greater effect on a smaller body mass. This means that the effects of envenomation can be more severe in children, and they may require closer monitoring and treatment.
What should you do if you are bitten by a snake in a remote area with no phone signal?
If you are bitten by a snake in a remote area with no phone signal, apply the pressure immobilisation technique and remain as calm and still as possible. If you are with someone else, they should go to the nearest location where they can get help. If you are alone, carefully move towards the nearest area where you might be able to get a signal or assistance. Focus on conserving energy and avoiding panic.
Is it necessary to kill the snake to identify it after a bite?
It is absolutely not necessary and highly discouraged to kill the snake after a bite. Firstly, attempting to kill a snake is dangerous and could lead to further bites. Secondly, venom detection kits can often identify the snake species without needing to see the snake itself. The most important thing is to seek medical attention immediately.
Are there any snakes in Australia that don’t require antivenom?
While all venomous snakes in Australia potentially require antivenom, some bites may result in minimal or no envenomation (dry bites). However, medical professionals will always assess the situation thoroughly and determine whether antivenom is necessary.
Can a snake bite cause permanent damage?
Yes, a snake bite can cause permanent damage, especially if not treated promptly and effectively. Potential long-term effects include:
- Tissue damage at the bite site.
- Kidney damage.
- Neurological problems.
- Scarring.
What are some common myths about snake bites?
Some common myths about snake bites include:
- Sucking out the venom: This is ineffective and can cause further harm.
- Applying a tourniquet: This can restrict blood flow and damage the limb.
- Washing the bite site: This can remove valuable venom traces needed for identification.
Are snake bites more common during certain times of the year?
Snake bites are more common during the warmer months (spring and summer) when snakes are more active. This is their breeding season and they are actively hunting.
How effective is the pressure immobilization technique?
The pressure immobilization technique is highly effective in slowing the spread of venom and buying time for the victim to reach medical care. It has been shown to significantly reduce the severity of envenomation and improve outcomes.
What happens if you get bitten by a snake in Australia but don’t have immediate access to a hospital?
Even without immediate access to a hospital, you must follow the pressure immobilization technique. Keep the limb as still as possible. If you are with someone, instruct them to seek help. Focus on staying calm and conserved as much energy as possible. What happens if you get bitten by a snake in Australia depends heavily on the immediate first aid applied and subsequent medical treatment.