Why is my dog still coughing after antibiotics for kennel cough?

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Why is my dog still coughing after antibiotics for kennel cough? The continued coughing could be due to several reasons, including resistant bacteria, damage to the airways from the initial infection, or even the presence of a different, underlying condition.

Understanding Kennel Cough and Its Treatment

Kennel cough, or infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease in dogs. While the name implies a cough contracted at kennels, dogs can acquire it anywhere where they interact with other dogs, such as dog parks, grooming facilities, or even veterinary clinics. It’s often caused by a combination of viral and bacterial pathogens, with Bordetella bronchiseptica being the most common culprit bacterium. Treatment typically involves rest, supportive care, and, in some cases, antibiotics.

The Role of Antibiotics in Treating Kennel Cough

Antibiotics are often prescribed to treat the bacterial component of kennel cough. They work by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria, thereby reducing the severity and duration of the infection. However, it’s crucial to understand that antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections. If the kennel cough is primarily viral, antibiotics will not directly address the underlying cause of the cough.

Reasons for Persistent Coughing Despite Antibiotics

So, why is my dog still coughing after antibiotics for kennel cough? Several factors could be at play:

Viral Infection: As mentioned earlier, kennel cough is often a mixed infection involving both viruses and bacteria. Antibiotics target the bacterial component, but if the viral infection persists, the cough can continue.
Resistant Bacteria: Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in both human and veterinary medicine. The bacteria causing your dog’s kennel cough might be resistant to the prescribed antibiotic.
Damage to the Airways: The initial infection can cause inflammation and damage to the airways. This damage can lead to persistent coughing, even after the infection is cleared. The airways can remain irritated and sensitive for some time.
Underlying Conditions: In some cases, the cough may not be solely due to kennel cough. Other conditions, such as heart disease, collapsing trachea, or allergies, could be contributing to the cough.
Secondary Infections: While less common, a secondary bacterial infection that is resistant to the initial antibiotic could occur.
Incomplete Antibiotic Course: It is crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics prescribed by your veterinarian. Stopping treatment early can lead to the bacteria not being fully eradicated.

Diagnosis and Further Evaluation

If your dog continues to cough after completing a course of antibiotics for kennel cough, it’s essential to consult your veterinarian for further evaluation.

Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination will help your veterinarian assess your dog’s overall health and identify any potential underlying issues.
Diagnostic Testing: Diagnostic tests, such as chest X-rays, blood tests, and tracheal washes, can help determine the cause of the persistent cough. A tracheal wash allows for culture and sensitivity testing to identify the specific bacteria and determine the most effective antibiotic.

Treatment Options for Persistent Coughing

The treatment for persistent coughing after antibiotics for kennel cough will depend on the underlying cause.

Further Antibiotics: If a different bacterial infection is identified, your veterinarian may prescribe a different antibiotic based on the culture and sensitivity results.
Cough Suppressants: Cough suppressants can help relieve the symptoms of coughing, but they should only be used under the direction of a veterinarian.
Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids, can help reduce inflammation in the airways and alleviate coughing.
Bronchodilators: Bronchodilators can help open up the airways and make it easier for your dog to breathe.
Supportive Care: Supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and a humidified environment, can help your dog recover.
Treatment for Underlying Conditions: If the cough is due to an underlying condition, treatment will focus on managing that specific condition.

Prevention of Kennel Cough

Vaccination: Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent kennel cough.
Avoidance: Minimize contact with other dogs, especially in crowded areas, can help reduce the risk of exposure.
Good Hygiene: Practicing good hygiene, such as washing your hands after interacting with other dogs, can also help prevent the spread of kennel cough.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Self-Treating: Never self-treat your dog with antibiotics or other medications. Always consult your veterinarian for diagnosis and treatment.
Stopping Antibiotics Early: Complete the entire course of antibiotics prescribed by your veterinarian, even if your dog seems to be feeling better.
Ignoring Symptoms: Ignoring persistent coughing can allow the underlying condition to worsen.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

My dog finished the antibiotics a week ago, but is now coughing again. Is this normal?

It’s not typical for coughing to return soon after completing antibiotics for kennel cough. This could indicate a relapse due to incomplete bacterial eradication, reinfection, or the presence of another issue. Contact your veterinarian for further evaluation.

Can kennel cough turn into pneumonia?

Yes, kennel cough can potentially lead to pneumonia, especially in puppies, senior dogs, or those with weakened immune systems. This is because the inflammation and irritation in the airways can create an environment where bacteria can easily colonize and cause a more serious infection.

How long does it take for kennel cough to go away completely?

The duration of kennel cough can vary. With appropriate treatment, most dogs recover within 1-3 weeks. However, in some cases, the cough can persist for several weeks or even months, particularly if there’s airway damage or an underlying issue.

What are some home remedies I can try to soothe my dog’s cough?

While home remedies shouldn’t replace veterinary care, some options include using a humidifier to moisten the air, providing honey (in small amounts and if deemed safe by your vet), and ensuring your dog gets plenty of rest and hydration. Always consult your veterinarian before administering any home remedies.

Could it be heart disease causing my dog’s cough?

Yes, heart disease is a potential cause of coughing in dogs, especially older ones. Heart conditions can lead to fluid accumulation in the lungs, resulting in a cough. A veterinarian can determine if heart disease is a contributing factor.

My dog has a dry, hacking cough. Is that typical of kennel cough?

A dry, hacking cough is indeed a classic symptom of kennel cough. It’s often described as a “goose honk” cough. However, other conditions can also cause similar coughing, so veterinary diagnosis is important.

Is there anything I can give my dog for cough relief while waiting for the antibiotics to work?

Consult your veterinarian about safe and effective cough relief options. They may recommend cough suppressants or other medications to help alleviate your dog’s discomfort while the antibiotics are working. Never give human medications without veterinary approval.

Why is my dog still coughing after antibiotics for kennel cough? Could it be allergies?

Yes, allergies could be a contributing factor to persistent coughing, even after antibiotics for kennel cough. Allergies can cause inflammation in the airways, leading to coughing and other respiratory symptoms.

Can I catch kennel cough from my dog?

Kennel cough is not typically transmissible to humans. However, the bacteria responsible, Bordetella bronchiseptica, can potentially infect people with compromised immune systems, although this is rare.

How can I prevent my dog from getting kennel cough again in the future?

Vaccination is key for prevention. Ensure your dog receives the kennel cough vaccine as recommended by your veterinarian. Minimizing contact with potentially infected dogs and practicing good hygiene can also help reduce the risk.

The vet did a tracheal wash. What does that tell them?

A tracheal wash involves collecting fluid from your dog’s trachea. This fluid is then analyzed to identify the specific pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi) causing the respiratory infection. It also allows for culture and sensitivity testing to determine which antibiotics will be most effective.

Why is my dog still coughing after antibiotics for kennel cough even though the vet said it was bacterial?

Even if a bacterial infection was initially diagnosed, several possibilities remain as to why is my dog still coughing after antibiotics for kennel cough. The bacteria could be resistant to the antibiotic used, the infection could be more severe than initially thought, a secondary infection might have developed, or there could be underlying damage to the airways contributing to the cough. Further investigation by your veterinarian is crucial.