When is kennel cough an emergency?

Table of Contents

Kennel cough is usually a mild, self-limiting illness, but it can become an emergency if it leads to severe respiratory distress. Knowing the warning signs is crucial to protect your dog’s health.

Introduction to Kennel Cough

Kennel cough, also known as infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease that affects dogs. It’s often compared to the common cold in humans, characterized by a persistent cough, hence the name. The term “kennel cough” is somewhat misleading, as dogs can contract it in various environments, not just kennels. Dog parks, grooming salons, and even walks in the neighborhood can expose your pet to the pathogens responsible for the infection.

Understanding the Causes

Kennel cough is a complex disease caused by a variety of pathogens, often acting together. These include viruses, bacteria, and even fungi.

Viruses: Parainfluenza virus, adenovirus type 2, canine influenza virus
Bacteria: Bordetella bronchiseptica (the most common culprit), Mycoplasma species
Fungi: In rare cases, fungal infections can contribute to kennel cough symptoms.

Recognizing the Symptoms

The hallmark symptom of kennel cough is a harsh, dry, hacking cough, often described as a “goose honk.” Other symptoms can include:

Runny nose
Sneezing
Lethargy
Loss of appetite
Low-grade fever

Most dogs with kennel cough remain alert and continue to eat and drink normally. The cough may be triggered by excitement, exercise, or pressure on the trachea (windpipe).

Routine Treatment Options

In most cases, kennel cough resolves on its own within a few weeks. However, treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent secondary infections. Common treatments include:

Rest: Limiting exercise and excitement helps the respiratory system recover.
Cough suppressants: These medications can help reduce the severity and frequency of coughing. Consult your veterinarian before using any over-the-counter medications.
Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is suspected, your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics.
Humidifier: Using a humidifier can help soothe the airways.

When Does Kennel Cough Turn Into an Emergency?

While kennel cough is often mild, certain situations require immediate veterinary attention. The key is to monitor your dog closely for signs of worsening respiratory distress.

Emergency Warning Signs

When is kennel cough an emergency? It’s an emergency when your dog exhibits any of the following symptoms:

Difficulty breathing: Rapid, shallow breathing, labored breathing, or wheezing.
Blue or pale gums: This indicates a lack of oxygen in the blood.
Collapse or fainting: A sign of severe respiratory distress.
Pneumonia: If the infection spreads to the lungs, it can cause pneumonia, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Signs of pneumonia include:
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Increased respiratory rate
- Productive cough (coughing up mucus)
Severe Lethargy: Extreme weakness and unresponsiveness.

Factors Increasing the Risk of Complications

Certain dogs are more vulnerable to severe complications from kennel cough:

Puppies: Their immune systems are still developing.
Senior dogs: Their immune systems are weaker.
Dogs with underlying health conditions: Conditions like heart disease or respiratory problems can increase the risk of complications.
Brachycephalic breeds: Breeds with short noses and flat faces (e.g., Bulldogs, Pugs) are more prone to respiratory problems.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing kennel cough is always preferable to treating it. Several preventive measures can help protect your dog:

Vaccination: The kennel cough vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection or reducing the severity of symptoms. It’s available in injectable, intranasal, and oral forms. Consult your veterinarian to determine the best vaccination schedule for your dog.
Avoidance: Limit exposure to crowded environments where dogs congregate, especially if there’s an outbreak of kennel cough.
Good hygiene: Wash your hands after interacting with other dogs.

Differentiating Kennel Cough from Other Respiratory Issues

It’s essential to differentiate kennel cough from other respiratory conditions, such as collapsing trachea, heart disease, or pneumonia. A veterinarian can perform a thorough examination and diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause of your dog’s symptoms.

The Importance of Early Intervention

Early intervention is crucial in preventing kennel cough from escalating into an emergency. If you suspect your dog has kennel cough, consult your veterinarian as soon as possible. They can provide a diagnosis, recommend appropriate treatment, and monitor your dog’s condition.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is kennel cough always contagious?

Yes, kennel cough is highly contagious. It can spread rapidly through the air or through direct contact with infected dogs or contaminated surfaces. Isolation of infected dogs is crucial to prevent the spread of the disease.

How long is a dog contagious with kennel cough?

Dogs are typically contagious for several days to two weeks after the onset of symptoms, even after the cough has subsided. Vaccinated dogs may still contract kennel cough and be contagious, although their symptoms are generally milder.

Can humans catch kennel cough from dogs?

No, kennel cough is not transmissible to humans. The pathogens that cause kennel cough in dogs are different from those that cause respiratory infections in humans.

When is it okay to reintroduce my dog to other dogs after kennel cough?

It’s generally recommended to wait at least two weeks after your dog’s symptoms have completely resolved before reintroducing them to other dogs. Consult your veterinarian to confirm that your dog is no longer contagious.

Can kennel cough cause permanent damage?

In most cases, kennel cough resolves without causing permanent damage. However, in severe cases, especially if pneumonia develops, it can lead to long-term respiratory issues. Prompt veterinary care is essential to minimize the risk of complications.

Does the Bordetella vaccine guarantee my dog won’t get kennel cough?

No, the Bordetella vaccine doesn’t guarantee complete immunity. Kennel cough is caused by multiple pathogens, and the vaccine only protects against Bordetella bronchiseptica. However, vaccinated dogs typically experience milder symptoms and a shorter duration of illness.

My dog is vaccinated. Why did he still get kennel cough?

The kennel cough vaccine protects against the most common causes of the disease, but it doesn’t cover all possible pathogens. Vaccinated dogs can still contract kennel cough from other viruses or bacteria. The severity is usually reduced.

Are there home remedies for kennel cough?

While home remedies can help alleviate symptoms, they should not replace veterinary care. Humidifiers and honey can soothe the throat, but it’s crucial to consult a veterinarian for diagnosis and treatment.

What diagnostic tests are used to diagnose kennel cough?

A veterinarian can often diagnose kennel cough based on clinical signs and history. In some cases, they may perform a tracheal wash or nasal swab to identify the specific pathogens involved.

Can stress worsen kennel cough symptoms?

Yes, stress can weaken the immune system and worsen kennel cough symptoms. Minimize stress by providing a calm and comfortable environment for your dog.

How often should I vaccinate my dog against kennel cough?

The frequency of kennel cough vaccination depends on your dog’s lifestyle and risk factors. Discuss your dog’s individual needs with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate vaccination schedule. Some dogs at higher risk (frequent boarding, dog park visits) may require more frequent boosters.

When is kennel cough an emergency?

As highlighted throughout the article, kennel cough is an emergency when your dog exhibits difficulty breathing, blue gums, collapse, or signs of pneumonia. These symptoms indicate a serious respiratory compromise and require immediate veterinary attention.