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What Type of Diatomaceous Earth Kills Bed Bugs?

The only type of diatomaceous earth (DE) effective against bed bugs is food-grade diatomaceous earth. Pool-grade DE is dangerous to humans and pets and will not work against bed bugs.

Understanding Diatomaceous Earth

Diatomaceous earth, often referred to as DE, is a naturally occurring, silica-based sedimentary rock formed from the fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled algae. It is widely used in various industries, including filtration, polishing, and even agriculture. However, when it comes to pest control, particularly for bed bugs, understanding the specific type of DE is crucial.

Types of Diatomaceous Earth

Not all diatomaceous earth is created equal. There are two primary types:

Food-grade diatomaceous earth: This type is processed to meet stringent safety standards and is considered safe for human and animal consumption in small quantities. It’s the only type recommended for bed bug control.
Pool-grade diatomaceous earth: Also known as filter-grade DE, this type is heated to extremely high temperatures during processing, a process called calcination. This transforms the silica into crystalline silica, making it highly effective for filtering water in swimming pools. However, it’s extremely hazardous to humans and pets and should never be used for pest control.

The key difference lies in the crystalline silica content. Food-grade DE contains less than 1% crystalline silica, while pool-grade DE can contain up to 60%. Crystalline silica is a known carcinogen when inhaled and can cause severe respiratory problems.

Why Food-Grade DE Works Against Bed Bugs

Food-grade DE works as an abrasive desiccant. The microscopic, sharp edges of the diatom fossils scratch the waxy outer layer of the bed bug’s exoskeleton. This outer layer is essential for retaining moisture. Once compromised, the bed bug loses moisture rapidly and eventually dehydrates and dies. This is a physical process, not a chemical one, which is why bed bugs are unlikely to develop resistance to DE.

However, the effectiveness hinges on direct contact. Bed bugs must crawl through the DE for it to work. Proper application is, therefore, vital.

Proper Application for Bed Bug Control

Simply scattering DE around your home will not eliminate a bed bug infestation. Strategic application is key.

Where to Apply

Focus on areas where bed bugs are known to hide or travel:

Mattress seams and tufts: Carefully apply a thin layer of DE along all seams and tufts of your mattress and box spring.
Bed frame: Dust the entire bed frame, paying close attention to joints, cracks, and crevices.
Baseboards: Apply DE along baseboards, especially in areas where bed bugs are suspected.
Furniture: Treat upholstered furniture, focusing on seams, cushions, and under the furniture.
Cracks and crevices: Use a puffer applicator to inject DE into cracks and crevices in walls, floors, and furniture.
Around outlets and light fixtures: Bed bugs can hide behind electrical outlets and light fixtures. Carefully apply DE in these areas, turning off the power beforehand.

How to Apply

Use a duster: A bellows duster or a puffer bottle allows for precise and even application of DE.
Apply a thin layer: More is not necessarily better. A thin, even layer is more effective than a thick clump. Bed bugs are more likely to avoid large piles of DE.
Reapply as needed: DE can lose its effectiveness if it gets wet or disturbed. Reapply after vacuuming or cleaning.
Wear a mask and gloves: Even though food-grade DE is considered safe, it’s still a good idea to wear a dust mask and gloves during application to avoid irritation.

Safety Precautions

While food-grade DE is generally considered safe, it’s essential to take precautions:

Avoid inhaling DE: While low in crystalline silica, prolonged inhalation of any dust can irritate the respiratory system. Always wear a dust mask during application.
Keep DE away from children and pets: Although considered non-toxic, ingestion of large amounts of DE can cause digestive upset. Store DE in a secure location.
Do not apply DE directly to pets: There are specific formulations of DE designed for pet use. Do not use the same DE you use for bed bug control on your pets.

FAQs About Diatomaceous Earth and Bed Bugs

Here are some frequently asked questions to further clarify the use of diatomaceous earth for bed bug control:

FAQ 1: How long does it take for diatomaceous earth to kill bed bugs?

It can take anywhere from a few days to two weeks for DE to kill bed bugs, depending on the level of infestation and how well the product is applied. Consistent and thorough application is key to success.

FAQ 2: Can I vacuum up the diatomaceous earth after applying it?

Yes, you can and should vacuum up the DE after a few days or a week. This removes dead bed bugs and any excess DE that may be kicking up dust. Reapply the DE after vacuuming.

FAQ 3: Is diatomaceous earth a permanent solution to bed bugs?

No, DE is not necessarily a permanent solution. While it can be effective in eliminating existing bed bugs, it doesn’t prevent re-infestation. Vigilance and continued monitoring are necessary. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is the best long-term approach.

FAQ 4: Does diatomaceous earth repel bed bugs?

No, DE does not repel bed bugs. It only works when they come into direct contact with it. They will crawl through it unknowingly.

FAQ 5: Can I mix diatomaceous earth with water?

While some people suggest mixing DE with water to create a paste, this is generally not recommended for bed bug control. Wet DE is not effective. It needs to be dry to work.

FAQ 6: Is diatomaceous earth effective against other pests besides bed bugs?

Yes, DE can be effective against other pests with exoskeletons, such as ants, fleas, cockroaches, and dust mites. The mechanism of action is the same: dehydration.

FAQ 7: Where can I buy food-grade diatomaceous earth?

Food-grade DE is widely available at garden centers, hardware stores, feed stores, and online retailers like Amazon. Make sure the label clearly states “food-grade.”

FAQ 8: How do I know if the diatomaceous earth I bought is food-grade?

Check the label carefully. It should explicitly state “food-grade” or “for food use.” If there is any doubt, contact the manufacturer. Look for NSF certification as well.

FAQ 9: Is diatomaceous earth safe for pregnant women and children?

Food-grade DE is generally considered safe for pregnant women and children when used according to the instructions. However, avoid prolonged inhalation of the dust.

FAQ 10: Will diatomaceous earth stain my furniture or carpets?

DE can leave a white powdery residue on furniture and carpets. It’s best to test it in an inconspicuous area first. Vacuuming regularly will help to minimize staining.

FAQ 11: Can I use diatomaceous earth in combination with other bed bug treatments?

Yes, DE can be used in combination with other bed bug treatments, such as heat treatments, insecticides, and steam cleaning. Integrated Pest Management is the recommended strategy.

FAQ 12: What are the limitations of using diatomaceous earth for bed bug control?

DE is most effective when applied correctly and to areas where bed bugs are likely to travel. It may not be effective if the infestation is severe or if bed bugs are hiding in hard-to-reach places. It is a slow-acting solution and requires patience and persistence. Professional pest control services may be necessary for large or persistent infestations.