What should dogs avoid when pregnant?

Table of Contents

During gestation, a pregnant dog’s health is paramount. To ensure the well-being of both mother and pups, it is crucial to understand what pregnant dogs should avoid: primarily certain medications, specific foods, environmental toxins, excessive stress, and strenuous activities.

Understanding Canine Pregnancy

Canine pregnancy, lasting approximately 63 days (give or take a few days), is a delicate period where the mother’s health directly impacts the development and survival of her puppies. Ensuring a healthy pregnancy requires careful management, including a balanced diet, appropriate exercise, and, critically, avoiding potential hazards. Knowing what should dogs avoid when pregnant is crucial for responsible dog ownership.

Medications to Avoid

Many medications safe for non-pregnant dogs can be harmful to developing puppies. Consult with your veterinarian immediately before administering any medication to a pregnant dog. Some common culprits include:

NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs): Can cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in puppies, leading to heart problems. Especially avoid during the last trimester.
Corticosteroids: May increase the risk of cleft palate and other developmental issues.
Certain Antibiotics: Some antibiotics are toxic to developing fetuses and can lead to birth defects or fetal death. Tetracycline is a prime example.
Heartworm Preventatives: While many are considered safe, always consult your vet as some may pose risks during pregnancy.

Foods to Avoid

While a high-quality, balanced dog food is essential during pregnancy, some foods should be strictly avoided.

Raw Meat and Eggs: Can contain harmful bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli, which can cause infection in the mother and potentially harm the puppies.
Bones: Can cause choking, intestinal punctures, or other digestive problems.
Grapes and Raisins: Toxic to dogs and can cause kidney failure.
Chocolate: Contains theobromine, which is toxic to dogs and can cause heart problems, seizures, and even death.
Alcohol: Never give alcohol to a pregnant dog, as it can cause severe developmental problems in puppies.
Excessive Liver: Can cause Vitamin A toxicity, which can lead to skeletal abnormalities in puppies.

Environmental Toxins to Steer Clear Of

A pregnant dog is more vulnerable to the effects of environmental toxins. Minimize exposure to:

Pesticides and Herbicides: Can cause birth defects and neurological problems.
Cleaning Products: Avoid harsh chemicals and ensure proper ventilation when cleaning.
Lead Paint: If you live in an older home, be aware of lead paint and prevent your dog from chewing on surfaces.
Second-hand Smoke: Can increase the risk of respiratory problems and other health issues in both the mother and puppies.

Stress Management

Stress can negatively impact a pregnant dog and her puppies. Minimizing stress is a key aspect of what should dogs avoid when pregnant.

Loud Noises: Avoid exposing your dog to loud noises such as fireworks or construction.
Changes in Routine: Keep your dog’s routine as consistent as possible.
Aggressive Dogs: Prevent encounters with aggressive dogs that could cause stress or injury.
Overcrowding: Provide a quiet and comfortable space where your dog can rest undisturbed.

Exercise Precautions

While moderate exercise is beneficial, avoid strenuous activities that could harm the pregnant dog or her puppies.

High-Impact Activities: Avoid jumping, running, and other high-impact activities, especially in the later stages of pregnancy.
Overexertion: Monitor your dog for signs of fatigue and stop exercising if she seems tired.
Extreme Temperatures: Avoid exercising in hot or cold weather.
Rough Play: Prevent rough play with other dogs or people.

Other Things to Avoid

Beyond the above, consider these additional factors when asking what should dogs avoid when pregnant:

Vaccinations: Live vaccines should generally be avoided during pregnancy unless specifically recommended by your veterinarian.
Parasite Treatments: Use only vet-approved parasite treatments that are deemed safe for pregnant dogs.
Unnecessary Anesthesia: Avoid any elective procedures requiring anesthesia during pregnancy.

Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy

The nutritional needs of a pregnant dog change significantly.

Increased Calorie Intake: Gradual increase in food intake, reaching 25-50% above maintenance by the end of pregnancy.
High-Quality Protein: Essential for fetal development.
Calcium and Phosphorus: Important for bone development in puppies.
Small, Frequent Meals: Helps to prevent nausea and discomfort.

Preparing for Whelping

Preparing a safe and comfortable whelping area is essential.

Whelping Box: A designated space for the dog to give birth.
Clean Bedding: Provide soft, clean bedding for the dog and puppies.
Warm Environment: Keep the whelping area warm and free from drafts.
Veterinarian Contact Information: Have your veterinarian’s contact information readily available.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Ignoring Dietary Needs: Failing to adjust the dog’s diet to meet the increased nutritional demands of pregnancy.
Self-Medicating: Administering medications without veterinary guidance.
Neglecting Exercise: Avoiding all exercise, which can lead to weight gain and other health problems.
Ignoring Warning Signs: Failing to recognize signs of complications during pregnancy or labor.
Lack of Whelping Preparation: Not preparing a suitable whelping area or having a plan in place for labor.

Importance of Veterinary Care

Regular veterinary checkups are crucial throughout the pregnancy. Your veterinarian can:

Confirm the pregnancy.
Monitor the health of the mother and puppies.
Provide guidance on nutrition, exercise, and other aspects of care.
Identify and address any potential complications.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the first signs of pregnancy in dogs?

Early signs can be subtle, but common indicators include morning sickness (vomiting), increased appetite, weight gain, and changes in nipple appearance (enlargement and darkening). A veterinarian can confirm pregnancy via palpation around 21-28 days or through ultrasound or blood tests.

Can pregnant dogs be vaccinated?

Generally, live vaccines should be avoided during pregnancy as they can potentially harm the developing fetuses. Killed vaccines may be considered in certain situations, but always consult with your veterinarian to determine the best course of action.

What type of exercise is safe for a pregnant dog?

Gentle walks are generally safe and beneficial throughout pregnancy. Avoid strenuous activities like jumping, running, and rough play, especially in the later stages. Adjust the intensity and duration of exercise based on your dog’s comfort level and your veterinarian’s recommendations.

What human foods are dangerous for pregnant dogs?

Many human foods are toxic to dogs, regardless of pregnancy status. These include chocolate, grapes, raisins, onions, garlic, avocados, and foods containing xylitol. Always feed a high-quality dog food formulated for pregnancy and lactation.

How much should I feed my pregnant dog?

You’ll typically begin to increase your dog’s food intake gradually starting around the fifth week of pregnancy. By the end of pregnancy, she may need up to 50% more calories than usual. Divide the daily food into several smaller meals to help prevent nausea.

Is it safe to give my pregnant dog heartworm medication?

While many heartworm preventatives are considered safe for pregnant dogs, always consult with your veterinarian. They can recommend the safest option based on your dog’s individual health and the specific product.

Can I give my pregnant dog flea and tick medication?

Similar to heartworm medication, consult your veterinarian before administering any flea and tick preventatives during pregnancy. Some products are safer than others, and your vet can advise on the best choice.

What should I do if my pregnant dog shows signs of illness?

Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pregnant dog shows signs of illness, such as fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, vomiting, or diarrhea. Prompt veterinary care is essential to protect both the mother and puppies.

How can I reduce stress for my pregnant dog?

Provide a quiet, comfortable, and safe environment for your dog. Maintain a consistent routine, avoid loud noises and sudden changes, and minimize exposure to stressful situations. A calming pheromone diffuser might also be helpful.

When should I prepare the whelping box?

Introduce the whelping box to your dog about 2-3 weeks before her due date. This allows her to become comfortable with the space and claim it as her own. Make it cozy and inviting with soft bedding.

What are the signs of labor in dogs?

Signs of labor include restlessness, nesting behavior, panting, loss of appetite, and a drop in body temperature. The first stage of labor can last 12-24 hours, followed by active labor and delivery of the puppies.

When should I call the veterinarian during labor?

Call your veterinarian immediately if your dog is straining without producing a puppy for more than 2 hours, if she experiences heavy bleeding, or if you suspect any complications. It’s always better to err on the side of caution.