What kind of milk do you feed baby squirrels?

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Feeding baby squirrels requires a specific and carefully formulated diet to ensure their healthy growth and survival. The best option is a commercial formula specifically designed for small mammals, but finding the right substitute is crucial when what kind of milk do you feed baby squirrels?

Introduction: The Delicate Art of Squirrel Nurturing

Raising orphaned or injured baby squirrels is a challenging but rewarding endeavor. Unlike domestic pets, baby squirrels have highly specific nutritional needs that must be met to ensure their survival and proper development. One of the most crucial aspects of their care is choosing the right milk replacement formula. Improper nutrition can lead to serious health problems, including metabolic bone disease, dehydration, and even death. Therefore, understanding what kind of milk do you feed baby squirrels? is paramount.

Understanding Squirrel Nutritional Needs

Baby squirrels, like all mammals, require a balanced diet of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. However, their specific needs differ from those of other animals, including humans. Cow’s milk, for example, is not suitable for baby squirrels due to its high lactose content and imbalance of nutrients. It lacks the necessary amount of fats and proteins needed for proper squirrel development.

The Ideal Milk Replacement: Commercial Formula

The absolute best option for feeding baby squirrels is a commercially available milk replacement formula designed for small mammals. These formulas are specifically formulated to mimic the nutritional composition of a mother squirrel’s milk.

Esbilac Puppy Milk Replacer: This is a commonly recommended formula, but it must be diluted correctly to match the lower protein and fat needs of squirrels.
Fox Valley Day One Formula: This is another excellent choice, formulated for a wide range of small mammals and often preferred by experienced wildlife rehabilitators.
Zoologic Milk Matrix 33/40: A more specialized formula designed for animals needing higher fat content, suitable for very young or underweight squirrels after consultation with a veterinarian or rehabilitator.

Preparing and Administering the Formula

Once you’ve chosen the appropriate formula, proper preparation and administration are crucial.

Dilution: Carefully follow the instructions on the formula packaging. Esbilac, for instance, typically requires dilution with water. Always use distilled or bottled water.
Temperature: The formula should be warmed to body temperature (around 95-100°F or 35-38°C). Use a thermometer to ensure accuracy.
Feeding Equipment: Use a small syringe (without a needle) or a specialized pet nurser bottle with a small nipple.
Feeding Technique: Hold the baby squirrel upright, supporting its head. Gently introduce the syringe or nipple into its mouth. Allow the squirrel to suckle at its own pace. Never force-feed.
Frequency: Young squirrels need to be fed frequently, typically every 2-4 hours, depending on their age and size. Consult a wildlife rehabilitator for specific feeding schedules.
Hygiene: Thoroughly clean and sterilize all feeding equipment after each use to prevent bacterial contamination.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Many well-intentioned individuals make mistakes when feeding baby squirrels, which can have serious consequences.

Feeding Cow’s Milk: As mentioned earlier, cow’s milk is not suitable for baby squirrels and can cause digestive problems.
Overfeeding: Overfeeding can lead to bloating, diarrhea, and aspiration pneumonia. Monitor the squirrel’s intake and adjust the feeding volume accordingly.
Feeding Cold Formula: Cold formula can cause digestive upset and hypothermia. Always warm the formula to body temperature.
Improper Hydration: Ensure the squirrel is adequately hydrated. If it appears dehydrated (e.g., sunken eyes, dry skin), consult a veterinarian or rehabilitator.
Ignoring Signs of Illness: Be vigilant for signs of illness, such as lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, or difficulty breathing. Seek professional veterinary or rehabilitation help immediately.

Transitioning to Solid Foods

As the baby squirrel grows, gradually introduce solid foods into its diet. This usually begins around 4-6 weeks of age.

Introduce soft foods: Start with mashed avocado, rodent blocks softened with formula, and small pieces of fruits and vegetables.
Gradually increase solid food intake: As the squirrel becomes more accustomed to solid foods, reduce the amount of formula and increase the variety of foods offered.
Provide a balanced diet: Offer a diet rich in nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables, and rodent blocks.
Fresh water: Always provide fresh, clean water.

Consultation with Professionals

It’s essential to consult with a licensed wildlife rehabilitator or veterinarian experienced in treating squirrels. They can provide invaluable guidance on feeding schedules, formula dilutions, and overall care. Your intentions may be good, but expert knowledge is crucial to successfully raising a baby squirrel.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Feeding Baby Squirrels

What kind of milk do you feed baby squirrels? Below are some common questions answered.

Is goat’s milk a suitable alternative to commercial formula?

Goat’s milk is slightly better than cow’s milk due to its lower lactose content, but it still doesn’t contain the proper balance of nutrients for a baby squirrel. If you absolutely cannot access commercial formula, goat’s milk can be used as a temporary measure, but it should be supplemented with additional fats and proteins. Consult a wildlife rehabilitator for guidance on supplementation.

Can I use human baby formula to feed baby squirrels?

No, human baby formula is also not a suitable option for feeding baby squirrels. Like cow’s milk, it doesn’t provide the proper balance of nutrients necessary for their development. Stick to commercial small mammal formula for the best results.

How do I know if I’m feeding the baby squirrel enough?

A well-fed baby squirrel will appear plump and have a rounded belly. Monitor its weight and growth. If the squirrel is consistently losing weight or appears thin, increase the amount of formula. Consult a wildlife rehabilitator to ensure you are providing adequate nutrition.

What if the baby squirrel refuses to eat?

If a baby squirrel refuses to eat, there could be several reasons. It could be ill, stressed, or the formula might be too hot or too cold. Gently try again, ensuring the formula is at the correct temperature and the squirrel is comfortable. If it continues to refuse to eat, seek professional help immediately.

How do I stimulate the baby squirrel to urinate and defecate?

Baby squirrels, like other young mammals, require stimulation to urinate and defecate. After each feeding, gently massage the anal area with a damp cotton ball or soft cloth. This mimics the mother squirrel’s grooming behavior and stimulates bowel movements.

How often should I be feeding a baby squirrel?

The frequency of feedings depends on the age and size of the baby squirrel. Very young squirrels may need to be fed every 2-3 hours, while older squirrels can be fed every 4-6 hours. Consult a wildlife rehabilitator for a specific feeding schedule tailored to the squirrel’s needs.

What are the signs of metabolic bone disease (MBD) in baby squirrels?

MBD is a common problem in baby squirrels that are not fed a proper diet. Signs of MBD include lethargy, weakness, tremors, seizures, and bone deformities. If you suspect your squirrel has MBD, seek immediate veterinary attention.

Can I give baby squirrels nuts or seeds before they are weaned?

No, nuts and seeds should not be given to baby squirrels until they are fully weaned and have developed teeth strong enough to crack them open. Offering solid foods too early can lead to choking or digestive problems.

How long does it take to wean a baby squirrel?

The weaning process typically begins around 4-6 weeks of age and can take several weeks to complete. Gradually introduce solid foods and reduce the amount of formula over time. Consult a wildlife rehabilitator for guidance on the weaning process.

What should I do if I find a baby squirrel that appears injured?

If you find a baby squirrel that appears injured, contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator or veterinarian immediately. Do not attempt to treat the squirrel yourself. Provide it with a warm, safe environment while waiting for professional help.

Is it legal to keep a wild squirrel as a pet?

In many jurisdictions, it is illegal to keep wild animals, including squirrels, as pets. Furthermore, even if legal, it is not advisable. Squirrels are wild animals with specific needs that are difficult to meet in a domestic setting. Consult your local wildlife authorities for more information.

Where can I find a qualified wildlife rehabilitator?

You can find a qualified wildlife rehabilitator by contacting your local animal shelter, humane society, or state wildlife agency. They can provide a list of licensed rehabilitators in your area.