What Kind of Lime Do You Use for Burying Animals?: Ensuring Decomposition and Preventing Nuisance
The correct lime to use for burying animals is high-calcium quicklime, specifically chosen for its rapid decomposition and odor-control properties, not hydrated lime. Understanding the difference is crucial for effective and responsible burial practices.
The Importance of Proper Decomposition
When burying deceased animals, effective decomposition is paramount. It prevents the spread of disease, minimizes unpleasant odors, and helps return the animal’s remains to the earth in a responsible and environmentally sound manner. While natural decomposition will occur regardless, the use of lime accelerates this process and mitigates potential problems. Simply burying an animal without proper treatment can lead to:
- Slow decomposition rates
- Attraction of scavengers and pests
- Potential groundwater contamination
- Offensive odors
The Role of Lime in the Decomposition Process
Lime, specifically high-calcium quicklime (calcium oxide, CaO), plays a critical role in accelerating decomposition through several mechanisms:
- Alkalinity: Lime raises the pH of the surrounding soil, creating an alkaline environment that inhibits the growth of bacteria responsible for putrefaction (the process of decay that produces foul odors).
- Heat Generation: When quicklime reacts with water (from the soil and the decomposing animal), it undergoes a highly exothermic reaction, generating significant heat. This heat further accelerates decomposition and can help destroy pathogens.
- Odor Control: The alkaline environment created by lime helps to neutralize acidic gases produced during decomposition, significantly reducing or eliminating unpleasant odors.
- Pest Deterrent: The altered soil environment is less attractive to scavengers and burrowing animals, helping to protect the burial site.
High-Calcium Quicklime vs. Hydrated Lime
It is essential to distinguish between high-calcium quicklime and hydrated lime. While both are forms of lime, their properties and suitability for animal burial differ significantly.
| Feature | High-Calcium Quicklime (CaO) | Hydrated Lime (Calcium Hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂) |
|---|---|---|
| ———————- | —————————— | —————————————— |
| Chemical Formula | CaO | Ca(OH)₂ |
| Reaction with Water | Exothermic (heat generated) | Less exothermic (less heat generated) |
| pH Level | Higher pH (more alkaline) | Lower pH (less alkaline) |
| Decomposition Rate | Faster | Slower |
| Odor Control | More Effective | Less Effective |
High-calcium quicklime is significantly more effective for burying animals because of its higher pH and heat-generating properties. Hydrated lime, while still alkaline, does not provide the same level of rapid decomposition and odor control.
Proper Burial Procedure Using Lime
When using lime to bury an animal, follow these steps for optimal results:
- Dig a Hole: The hole should be deep enough to cover the animal with at least 3 feet of soil. Consider the size of the animal and potential scavenging animals when determining depth.
- Lime Base: Spread a layer of high-calcium quicklime at the bottom of the hole. The amount of lime will depend on the size of the animal, but a layer several inches thick is generally recommended.
- Place the Animal: Place the animal’s body in the hole on top of the lime layer.
- Lime Covering: Cover the animal’s body with another layer of high-calcium quicklime. Ensure complete coverage.
- Backfill: Fill the remainder of the hole with soil, compacting it as you go. Mound the soil slightly to account for settling.
- Mark the Grave: Consider marking the grave site to prevent accidental disturbance.
Safety Precautions When Handling Quicklime
Quicklime is caustic and can cause burns. Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling it, including:
- Gloves (impermeable to lime)
- Eye protection (safety glasses or goggles)
- Long sleeves and pants
- Dust mask or respirator (if working in dusty conditions)
Avoid direct contact with skin and eyes. If contact occurs, flush immediately with plenty of water and seek medical attention.
Choosing the Right Quicklime Product
Not all quicklime is created equal. Look for high-calcium quicklime specifically intended for agricultural or burial purposes. Check the product label to ensure it meets your needs and contains a high percentage of calcium oxide (CaO). Avoid using quicklime that has been exposed to moisture, as it will have already partially reacted and lost some of its effectiveness.
Potential Environmental Considerations
While lime aids in decomposition, consider the potential environmental impact. Excessive use of lime can alter soil pH, potentially affecting surrounding vegetation. Use lime judiciously and avoid burying animals near water sources to prevent contamination. Local regulations may also dictate specific requirements for animal burial, so it’s essential to check with your local authorities.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using the wrong type of lime: As highlighted, hydrated lime is not a suitable substitute for high-calcium quicklime.
- Using insufficient lime: Skimping on the amount of lime can compromise its effectiveness.
- Inadequate burial depth: Too shallow of a burial increases the risk of scavenging.
- Neglecting safety precautions: Quicklime can cause severe burns if handled improperly.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Why can’t I just use garden lime?
Garden lime is typically dolomitic limestone, which contains both calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. It’s used to gradually raise soil pH and doesn’t have the same rapid decomposition or odor control properties as high-calcium quicklime.
How much quicklime do I need?
The amount of quicklime required depends on the size of the animal. A general guideline is to use a layer several inches thick at the bottom of the hole and another layer of the same thickness to cover the animal completely.
Is burying an animal in my backyard legal?
Local regulations vary significantly. Some municipalities prohibit backyard burials altogether, while others have specific requirements regarding depth, distance from property lines, and notification procedures. Always check with your local authorities before burying an animal on your property.
What if I don’t have access to quicklime?
If quicklime is unavailable, cremation or professional animal disposal services are viable alternatives. These options ensure responsible disposal and minimize environmental impact.
Can I use quicklime to bury a pet in a plastic container?
It’s generally not recommended to bury a pet in a plastic container, even with quicklime. The container can hinder decomposition and prevent the animal’s remains from returning to the earth naturally. If you choose to use a container, opt for a biodegradable one made from natural materials like wood or cardboard.
Will quicklime harm the surrounding plants?
Excessive quicklime can alter soil pH and potentially harm nearby plants. However, if used judiciously and at the recommended amount, the impact should be minimal. Avoid burying animals directly beneath desirable plants.
How long will it take for the animal to decompose with quicklime?
The decomposition rate depends on several factors, including the size of the animal, the type of soil, the temperature, and the amount of quicklime used. With proper use of quicklime, significant decomposition should occur within a few months, with complete decomposition taking longer.
Is it safe to bury an animal near a well or water source?
No, it is not safe. Burying an animal near a well or water source can contaminate the water supply. Always bury animals a safe distance from any water sources, adhering to any local regulations regarding setbacks.
Can I bury an animal that died from a contagious disease?
If the animal died from a highly contagious disease, consult with a veterinarian or animal control officer for guidance. They may recommend alternative disposal methods, such as cremation, to prevent the spread of the disease.
What if the animal is too large to bury?
For large animals, burial may not be feasible or practical. In such cases, consider contacting a rendering plant or a professional animal disposal service. These services have the equipment and expertise to handle large animal carcasses safely and responsibly.
What do I do if I accidentally get quicklime on my skin or in my eyes?
Immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention as soon as possible.
What are the alternatives to quicklime?
While high-calcium quicklime is the most effective choice, alternatives include using a high volume of soil to create a deep burial, which relies on natural decomposition processes. However, this method is slower and may not adequately control odors or deter scavengers. In certain cases, enzymatic decomposition accelerators could be considered, but their effectiveness can vary.