What is the New Ocean Called? The Southern Ocean Officially Recognized
The new ocean, officially recognized by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names and National Geographic, is called the Southern Ocean. It encompasses the waters surrounding Antarctica, distinguished by its unique currents and ecological characteristics.
Introduction: The Earth’s Fifth Ocean
For centuries, sailors, explorers, and scientists have debated the distinct nature of the waters surrounding Antarctica. While traditionally viewed as extensions of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, mounting evidence of unique currents, salinity levels, and a distinct ecosystem finally led to the official recognition of a new, fifth ocean. Understanding what is the new ocean called? and its significance is crucial for grasping the complexities of our planet’s interconnected ecosystems. This recognition signifies a vital shift in how we understand and protect the world’s oceans.
Background: The Path to Recognition
The journey toward recognizing the Southern Ocean has been a long one, marked by ongoing scientific discovery and geographical debate. Several factors contributed to its eventual recognition:
- The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC): This powerful current encircles Antarctica, isolating its waters and creating a unique hydrological environment.
- Distinct Ecological Zone: The Southern Ocean boasts a unique ecosystem, home to species adapted to the harsh conditions of the Antarctic region.
- Rising Scientific Support: Increased scientific research highlighting the Southern Ocean’s distinctive characteristics played a crucial role.
The U.S. Board on Geographic Names officially recognized the Southern Ocean in 1999. National Geographic followed suit in 2021, further solidifying its place as the world’s fifth ocean.
Defining the Southern Ocean Boundaries
Defining the precise boundaries of the Southern Ocean proved challenging. Unlike other oceans bounded by landmasses, the Southern Ocean is defined by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The northern limit is generally set at 60 degrees south latitude, encompassing the waters south of this line. However, some definitions vary, considering specific currents and ecological zones.
Significance: Why Recognition Matters
Recognizing the Southern Ocean as a distinct entity has significant implications for:
- Ocean Conservation: Provides a focused approach to protecting the unique ecosystem and biodiversity of the region.
- Scientific Research: Facilitates targeted research on the ACC, climate change impacts, and unique Antarctic species.
- Geopolitical Considerations: Influences international treaties and management of resources in the Antarctic region.
- Education and Awareness: Enhances public awareness of the importance of Antarctic conservation.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the defining feature of the Southern Ocean. This powerful current flows eastward around Antarctica, connecting the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It plays a crucial role in:
- Climate Regulation: The ACC helps distribute heat and nutrients around the globe, influencing global climate patterns.
- Nutrient Transport: Brings nutrient-rich waters to the surface, supporting a thriving ecosystem.
- Ocean Mixing: Mixes waters from different oceans, influencing salinity and temperature.
Unique Ecology of the Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean is home to a unique and specialized ecosystem, adapted to the frigid temperatures and challenging conditions. Key species include:
- Krill: These small crustaceans are a vital food source for many Antarctic species.
- Penguins: Several species of penguins thrive in the Southern Ocean, including Emperor, Adelie, and Chinstrap penguins.
- Seals: Various seal species, such as Weddell, Crabeater, and Leopard seals, inhabit the icy waters.
- Whales: Many whale species, including Humpback, Minke, and Blue whales, migrate to the Southern Ocean to feed.
- Unique Fish: A variety of unique fish species have adapted to the freezing waters through antifreeze proteins in their blood.
Climate Change and the Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Rising ocean temperatures, melting ice sheets, and ocean acidification pose significant threats to the region’s unique ecosystem. Understanding what is the new ocean called? and its specific vulnerability allows for focused monitoring and mitigation efforts.
Threats to the Southern Ocean
Besides climate change, the Southern Ocean faces other threats:
- Overfishing: Unsustainable fishing practices can deplete krill and other vital food sources.
- Pollution: Plastic pollution and chemical contaminants can harm marine life.
- Shipping: Increased shipping traffic can introduce invasive species and disrupt marine habitats.
Conservation Efforts
Various international agreements and organizations are working to protect the Southern Ocean:
- Antarctic Treaty System: Regulates activities in Antarctica and promotes peaceful scientific cooperation.
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR): Manages fisheries and protects marine ecosystems.
- Protected Areas: Establishing marine protected areas can safeguard critical habitats.
Table: Comparing the World’s Five Oceans
| Ocean | Size (approx. million sq km) | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| —————– | —————————- | ——————————————————————————— |
| Pacific Ocean | 165.2 | Largest and deepest ocean, home to the Mariana Trench. |
| Atlantic Ocean | 106.5 | Second largest ocean, a major shipping route. |
| Indian Ocean | 70.5 | Warmest ocean, influenced by monsoon seasons. |
| Arctic Ocean | 14.0 | Smallest and shallowest ocean, covered in sea ice for much of the year. |
| Southern Ocean | 20.3 | Newest recognized ocean, characterized by the ACC, surrounds Antarctica. |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the new ocean called and when was it officially recognized?
The new ocean is officially called the Southern Ocean. It was officially recognized by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names in 1999, with National Geographic following suit in 2021, further solidifying its recognition.
Why was the Southern Ocean previously not considered a separate ocean?
Historically, the waters surrounding Antarctica were considered extensions of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It took significant scientific research demonstrating the uniqueness of the ACC, distinct ecosystems, and specific water properties to justify separate ocean status.
What defines the boundaries of the Southern Ocean?
The Southern Ocean is primarily defined by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The northern boundary is generally considered to be 60 degrees south latitude, although some definitions are based on specific currents and ecological zones.
What is the significance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)?
The ACC is crucial for global climate regulation, nutrient transport, and ocean mixing. It helps distribute heat around the planet and sustains a unique ecosystem in the Southern Ocean.
What makes the Southern Ocean ecosystem unique?
The Southern Ocean ecosystem is characterized by its adaptation to extremely cold temperatures and high levels of nutrients. It supports diverse marine life, including krill, penguins, seals, and whales.
How is climate change affecting the Southern Ocean?
Climate change poses significant threats to the Southern Ocean, including rising ocean temperatures, melting ice sheets, ocean acidification, and altered sea ice patterns, which can disrupt the delicate balance of the ecosystem.
What are the major threats to the Southern Ocean?
Major threats include climate change, overfishing of krill and other species, plastic pollution, chemical contamination, and increased shipping traffic.
What conservation efforts are in place to protect the Southern Ocean?
Conservation efforts include the Antarctic Treaty System, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), and the establishment of marine protected areas.
What is the role of krill in the Southern Ocean ecosystem?
Krill are a keystone species in the Southern Ocean ecosystem, serving as a crucial food source for many animals, including penguins, seals, whales, and seabirds.
How does the Southern Ocean contribute to global climate regulation?
The Southern Ocean plays a vital role in global climate regulation through the ACC’s ability to absorb significant amounts of carbon dioxide and transport heat around the globe.
What are some of the unique species found in the Southern Ocean?
Unique species found in the Southern Ocean include Antarctic toothfish, icefish (which possess antifreeze proteins in their blood), Emperor penguins, Weddell seals, and various species of krill and other invertebrates.
Knowing what is the new ocean called?, What can individuals do to help protect the Southern Ocean?
Individuals can support efforts to protect the Southern Ocean by reducing their carbon footprint, supporting sustainable fisheries, avoiding single-use plastics, and advocating for stronger conservation policies.