Differentiating Squirrel Species: Brown vs. Grey
The key difference between brown and grey squirrels lies primarily in their geographic distribution and genetics; typically, a “brown squirrel” is a fox squirrel while the grey squirrel is, unsurprisingly, a grey squirrel; however, color morphs exist within each species, causing some overlap and potential for confusion.
Squirrels, those ubiquitous denizens of parks and backyards, often elicit a simple observation: “That’s a squirrel!” But delve a little deeper, and you’ll find a fascinating tapestry of species, each with unique characteristics. One common point of confusion arises when trying to differentiate between a “brown squirrel” and a “grey squirrel.” While the answer might seem straightforward, it’s nuanced by regional variations, genetic mutations, and the existence of distinct squirrel species altogether. This article, drawing upon expert insights, explores the defining differences between these frequently observed squirrels.
Identifying the Players: Grey Squirrels vs. Fox Squirrels
Before diving into the distinctions, it’s crucial to identify the two primary species involved in this discussion: the eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis) and the eastern fox squirrel (Sciurus niger). What is the difference between a brown and a grey squirrel? Much of the confusion arises because fox squirrels can exhibit considerable variation in coat color, ranging from silver-grey to reddish-brown, and even black in some regions. Meanwhile, grey squirrels, despite their name, can also display brownish hues, particularly along their flanks.
- Eastern Grey Squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis): Typically smaller and more agile than the fox squirrel, the grey squirrel is characterized by its predominantly grey fur, bushy tail, and white underbelly. They are incredibly adaptable and thrive in a wide range of habitats, from dense forests to urban parks.
- Eastern Fox Squirrel ( Sciurus niger): Larger and more robust than the grey squirrel, the fox squirrel is distinguished by its variable coat color, often displaying reddish-brown, orange, or even black fur. They have a more pronounced bushy tail and a slightly less agile demeanor.
Geographic Distribution and Habitat
Understanding where these squirrels live can provide clues to their identity.
- Eastern Grey Squirrel: Found predominantly in the eastern half of North America, extending westward to parts of the Great Plains. They prefer hardwood forests with ample undergrowth but have adapted successfully to urban environments.
- Eastern Fox Squirrel: Also found in the eastern and central United States, with a range that overlaps with the grey squirrel. However, fox squirrels tend to favor more open woodlands, agricultural areas, and even suburban environments with scattered trees.
Size and Physical Characteristics
Physical attributes offer another avenue for differentiation.
- Size: Fox squirrels are generally larger than grey squirrels. An adult fox squirrel can weigh between 1.5 and 3 pounds and measure 19 to 29 inches in length, including its tail. Grey squirrels typically weigh between 0.75 and 1.5 pounds and measure 16 to 20 inches in length.
- Tail: Both species have bushy tails, but the fox squirrel’s tail tends to be proportionally larger and more robust.
- Coloration: While color can be variable, a key distinction is the presence of reddish-brown or orange hues in fox squirrels, which are rarely seen in grey squirrels (though grey squirrels can have brownish streaks). Fox squirrels also commonly have a black face mask.
- Ears: Fox squirrels typically have reddish fur on the back of their ears, distinguishing them from the solid grey color of a grey squirrel’s ears.
Behavior and Diet
Observing behavior and dietary preferences can also aid in identification.
- Behavior: Grey squirrels are known for their agility and frantic movements, often leaping from branch to branch with ease. Fox squirrels are generally more deliberate and less acrobatic.
- Diet: Both squirrels consume a variety of nuts, seeds, fruits, and fungi. However, fox squirrels tend to be more opportunistic feeders, sometimes consuming insects, bird eggs, and even small vertebrates.
Color Morphs and Confusion
The existence of color variations within each species can complicate identification. Grey squirrels can exhibit brownish or reddish hues, particularly along their flanks, while fox squirrels can have silver-grey coats. This makes relying solely on color problematic.
Quick Comparison:
| Feature | Eastern Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) | Eastern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger) |
|---|---|---|
| —————— | —————————————————- | ——————————————————- |
| Size | Smaller | Larger |
| Typical Color | Grey with white underbelly | Variable: Reddish-brown, orange, grey, or black |
| Tail | Bushy, proportionally smaller | Bushy, proportionally larger |
| Habitat | Hardwood forests, urban parks | Open woodlands, agricultural areas, suburban areas |
| Activity | More agile and frantic | More deliberate and less acrobatic |
| Geographic Range | Eastern North America | Eastern and Central United States |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the difference between a brown and a grey squirrel can be better explained through these questions.
What is the primary reason for color variation in squirrels?
Coat color in squirrels is primarily determined by genetics. Different genes control the production and distribution of pigments like melanin, resulting in a range of colors from grey to red to black. Environmental factors can also play a minor role, but genetics are the main driver.
Are black squirrels a separate species?
No, black squirrels are not a separate species. They are a melanistic form of either the eastern grey squirrel or the fox squirrel, meaning they have an abnormally high amount of melanin, causing their fur to be black.
How can I tell if a squirrel is a grey squirrel or a fox squirrel if it’s predominantly brown?
Look closely at the size and physical build. Fox squirrels are significantly larger and more robust than grey squirrels. Also, check for the presence of a black face mask, which is common in fox squirrels. Finally, note the behavior: Fox squirrels tend to be less agile and more deliberate in their movements.
Do squirrels change color seasonally?
Squirrels do not typically undergo significant seasonal color changes like some other mammals. However, their fur can appear slightly different due to shedding and the growth of new fur in the spring and fall.
Are there regional differences in squirrel coloration?
Yes, there are regional differences. For example, black squirrels are more common in certain areas of the northeastern United States and Canada. Similarly, fox squirrels in the southeastern United States tend to be more reddish-brown than those in other regions.
Are brown squirrels rarer than grey squirrels?
In some areas, yes. Typically, grey squirrels are more abundant than fox squirrels in regions where both species coexist. However, the relative abundance can vary depending on the specific location and habitat.
What do squirrels eat?
Squirrels are omnivores and have a varied diet that includes nuts, seeds, fruits, fungi, insects, and sometimes small vertebrates. Their diet varies depending on the season and availability of food.
How long do squirrels live?
In the wild, squirrels typically live for 3-6 years. However, they can live much longer in captivity, sometimes exceeding 10 years.
Are squirrels pests?
Squirrels can be considered pests when they cause damage to property, such as chewing on wires, nesting in attics, or raiding bird feeders. However, they also play an important role in the ecosystem by dispersing seeds and controlling insect populations.
How can I keep squirrels away from my bird feeders?
There are several ways to deter squirrels from bird feeders, including using squirrel-resistant feeders, placing feeders in locations that are difficult for squirrels to reach, and offering foods that squirrels don’t prefer, such as safflower seeds.
What is the best time of day to see squirrels?
Squirrels are generally most active during the early morning and late afternoon, when they are foraging for food.
Do squirrels hibernate?
Squirrels do not technically hibernate, but they do become less active during the winter months. They may spend more time in their nests and rely on food caches they have stored throughout the fall. They can enter torpor, a state of decreased physiological activity, for short periods to conserve energy.