What is a Waste Disposal? A Comprehensive Guide
A waste disposal, often referred to as a garbage disposal unit, is an electrical appliance installed under a kitchen sink between the sink’s drain and the trap. Its primary function is to grind food waste into small particles that are then flushed down the drain into the sewer system or septic tank.
Understanding the Mechanics of Waste Disposals
How Does a Waste Disposal Work?
Waste disposals operate using a powerful electric motor that spins a rotating impeller plate, sometimes erroneously called blades. This plate forces food waste against a stationary grinding chamber wall which is lined with sharp, blunt impellers. These impellers pulverize the food into tiny fragments. Water, constantly running during operation, helps to flush the pulverized waste down the drain. The unit is typically activated by a switch, often located on the wall near the sink.
Types of Waste Disposals: Batch Feed vs. Continuous Feed
There are two main types of waste disposals:
- Batch Feed: These units require you to manually feed food waste in batches, with a special cover that activates the disposal when locked into place. They are considered safer, as they cannot be accidentally activated.
- Continuous Feed: These are the more common type. You can continuously feed food waste into the disposal while it’s running. They are generally more convenient for handling larger quantities of waste.
Components of a Waste Disposal Unit
A typical waste disposal unit comprises several key components:
- Motor: The power source that drives the grinding mechanism. Motors are rated in horsepower (HP), typically ranging from 1/3 HP to 1 HP. Higher horsepower indicates a more powerful and efficient unit.
- Grinding Chamber: The compartment where the food waste is pulverized.
- Impeller Plate: The rotating plate that forces food against the grinding chamber wall.
- Impellers (Grinding Lugs): The stationary, blunt protrusions on the grinding chamber wall that pulverize the food.
- Splash Guard: A rubber or flexible plastic component at the top of the unit that prevents food and water from splashing out of the sink drain.
- Mounting Assembly: The mechanism used to securely attach the disposal unit to the sink drain.
- Reset Button: A safety feature that automatically shuts off the motor if it overheats or becomes jammed.
The Benefits and Drawbacks of Using a Waste Disposal
Advantages of Using a Waste Disposal
- Convenience: Easily dispose of food scraps without having to collect them in a separate bin.
- Reduced Odors: Minimizes food waste odors in the kitchen.
- Less Landfill Waste: Can contribute to reducing the amount of organic waste sent to landfills, though the impact is debatable.
- Plumbing System Health: When used responsibly, can help prevent clogs in drainpipes by breaking down food particles before they enter the system.
Disadvantages of Using a Waste Disposal
- Energy Consumption: Disposals require electricity to operate, which can increase your energy bill.
- Water Usage: Requires a significant amount of water to flush the ground waste down the drain.
- Maintenance: Can require occasional cleaning and maintenance to prevent clogs and odors.
- Potential for Clogs: Improper use can lead to clogs in the drainpipe or sewer system.
- Environmental Concerns: While reducing landfill waste is a potential benefit, some argue that waste disposals increase the load on wastewater treatment plants and septic systems.
FAQs About Waste Disposals
Here are some frequently asked questions about waste disposals to further clarify their function, maintenance, and potential issues:
1. What kinds of food can I put in my waste disposal?
Generally, soft foods like fruits, vegetables, and cooked meats are safe to put in a waste disposal. Avoid hard items like bones, coffee grounds, eggshells (contrary to popular belief), and fibrous vegetables like celery stalks, corn husks, and artichoke leaves. Grease and oil should never be poured down a waste disposal, as they can solidify and cause clogs.
2. How often should I clean my waste disposal?
Cleaning your waste disposal every few weeks is recommended to prevent odors and buildup. A simple method is to grind ice cubes and lemon or lime peels to help dislodge debris and freshen the unit.
3. What should I do if my waste disposal gets clogged?
First, turn off the disposal at the circuit breaker. Never reach into the disposal with your hand! Try using tongs or pliers to remove any visible debris. If that doesn’t work, try using a plunger. You can also pour a mixture of baking soda and vinegar down the drain, let it fizz for 30 minutes, and then flush with hot water.
4. How do I prevent my waste disposal from smelling bad?
Regular cleaning with ice cubes and citrus peels, as mentioned earlier, is effective. You can also purchase commercially available waste disposal cleaners. Avoid putting greasy or oily substances down the disposal, as these can contribute to odors.
5. Can I put potato peels down my waste disposal?
While small amounts of potato peels may be processed, large quantities are not recommended. Potato peels are starchy and can form a paste-like substance that can clog your drain. It’s best to compost or dispose of them in the trash.
6. What is the lifespan of a waste disposal?
A well-maintained waste disposal can last anywhere from 8 to 15 years, depending on the quality of the unit and how frequently it’s used.
7. What size waste disposal do I need?
The appropriate size waste disposal depends on the size of your household and the amount of food waste you typically generate. A 1/3 HP or 1/2 HP unit is generally sufficient for a small household (1-2 people), while a larger household (3 or more people) may benefit from a 3/4 HP or 1 HP unit.
8. Is it safe to put bones down my waste disposal?
No. Bones are too hard for most waste disposals to handle and can damage the grinding mechanism. They should always be disposed of in the trash.
9. How much water should I use when running my waste disposal?
Use a generous amount of cold water when running your waste disposal. Cold water helps solidify grease, making it easier to grind and flush down the drain.
10. What is the reset button for on my waste disposal?
The reset button is a safety feature that automatically shuts off the motor if it overheats or becomes jammed. If your disposal stops working, try pressing the reset button, which is usually located on the bottom of the unit.
11. Can I install a waste disposal myself?
While some homeowners with basic plumbing skills may be able to install a waste disposal themselves, it’s generally recommended to hire a qualified plumber. Improper installation can lead to leaks or other problems.
12. Are waste disposals environmentally friendly?
The environmental impact of waste disposals is a complex issue. While they can reduce the amount of organic waste sent to landfills, they also require energy and water to operate and can increase the load on wastewater treatment plants. Ultimately, the environmental friendliness of a waste disposal depends on how it’s used and the local infrastructure for waste management and wastewater treatment. Responsible usage, coupled with efficient wastewater treatment, can mitigate some of the environmental concerns.