What is a High Level of Radon? Protecting Your Home and Health
A high level of radon in a home is defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) of air or higher. At this concentration, the EPA recommends taking action to mitigate the radon and reduce the risk of lung cancer.
Understanding Radon and Its Dangers
Radon is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless radioactive gas that occurs naturally from the breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and water. It seeps into homes through cracks and other openings in the foundation. Because you can’t see, smell, or taste it, testing is the only way to know if you have a radon problem. And why is this a problem? Because prolonged exposure to elevated radon levels significantly increases your risk of developing lung cancer, second only to smoking as the leading cause.
Radon: The Silent Threat
Radon is a naturally occurring gas, meaning it’s virtually impossible to eliminate it entirely from the environment. Small amounts are present everywhere. However, the problem arises when radon gets trapped inside buildings, especially in poorly ventilated areas. Think about your basement, for example, or the lowest levels of your home. Radon gas is heavier than air, so it tends to accumulate in those lower areas.
Why Testing is Essential
Given that radon is undetectable by our senses, testing is the only reliable way to determine the radon level in your home. This isn’t something to put off! Regular testing can provide peace of mind and allow you to take appropriate action if needed.
Determining Your Home’s Radon Level
Testing for radon is a simple and inexpensive process. You can purchase a DIY radon test kit from most hardware stores or online retailers. Alternatively, you can hire a certified radon professional to perform the test. Professional testing can be more comprehensive and may be necessary if you have specific concerns or if the results of a DIY test are inconclusive.
DIY Radon Testing
DIY kits typically involve placing a detector in the lowest lived-in level of your home for a specific period (usually 2-7 days) and then sending it to a lab for analysis. Follow the instructions carefully for accurate results. Ensure you close windows and doors as instructed to avoid skewing the findings.
Professional Radon Testing
Certified radon professionals use specialized equipment and techniques to measure radon levels. They can also help you interpret the results and recommend appropriate mitigation strategies if necessary. They can conduct both short-term and long-term tests for a more comprehensive assessment.
Radon Mitigation: Lowering the Risk
If your home’s radon level is at or above 4 pCi/L, the EPA recommends taking action to mitigate the problem. Even levels between 2 pCi/L and 4 pCi/L warrant consideration for mitigation. Several effective mitigation techniques can significantly reduce radon levels.
Subslab Depressurization
The most common and effective radon mitigation technique is subslab depressurization. This system involves installing a pipe through the foundation slab and connecting it to a fan that draws radon gas from beneath the house and vents it safely outside. The fan creates negative pressure under the slab, preventing radon from entering the home.
Sealing Cracks and Openings
Sealing cracks and other openings in the foundation can also help reduce radon entry. While this alone may not be sufficient to lower radon levels below 4 pCi/L, it’s an important part of a comprehensive mitigation strategy.
House Pressurization
Another technique is to pressurize the house relative to the soil. This can be achieved with specialized fans and ventilation systems.
FAQs About Radon
Here are some frequently asked questions to further clarify the complexities of radon and how to protect yourself:
FAQ 1: Is radon testing required when selling or buying a home?
It depends on the state and local regulations. Some jurisdictions require radon testing as part of a real estate transaction, while others don’t. However, even if it’s not required, it’s always a good idea to test for radon before buying or selling a home to avoid potential future problems.
FAQ 2: How often should I test my home for radon?
The EPA recommends testing your home for radon every two years. If you’ve recently made renovations or alterations to your home, such as foundation repairs, it’s advisable to test again. You should also retest after implementing any radon mitigation system to ensure its effectiveness.
FAQ 3: Are some areas more prone to high radon levels than others?
Yes, radon levels can vary significantly depending on geographical location and geological composition. Areas with uranium-rich soil and rock are more likely to have high radon levels. The EPA provides radon zone maps that indicate the potential for elevated radon levels in different areas. You can check your local area’s radon potential online.
FAQ 4: Can radon affect my water supply?
Yes, radon can be present in well water. If your home’s water supply comes from a private well, it’s recommended to test your water for radon. If elevated levels are found, a water treatment system can be installed to remove the radon.
FAQ 5: How much does radon mitigation cost?
The cost of radon mitigation can vary depending on the chosen method and the complexity of the installation. Subslab depressurization systems typically cost between $800 and $2500. Sealing cracks and openings is a less expensive option. Obtaining multiple quotes from certified radon mitigation professionals is recommended.
FAQ 6: Can I install a radon mitigation system myself?
While it’s technically possible to install a radon mitigation system yourself, it’s generally not recommended. Certified radon mitigation professionals have the training, experience, and equipment necessary to properly install and maintain the system to ensure its effectiveness. Improper installation can actually make the problem worse.
FAQ 7: Are new homes radon-proof?
Many new homes are built with radon-resistant construction techniques, but this doesn’t guarantee that radon levels will be below 4 pCi/L. It’s still recommended to test new homes for radon, even if they have radon-resistant features.
FAQ 8: Does opening windows reduce radon levels?
Opening windows can help temporarily reduce radon levels by improving ventilation. However, this is not a long-term solution. Radon levels will likely return to previous levels once the windows are closed. Mitigation systems address the root cause of the problem.
FAQ 9: Is radon a concern in apartments or condominiums?
Yes, radon can be a concern in apartments and condominiums, particularly those located on the lower levels. Apartment building owners are responsible for addressing radon issues, but residents should also be aware of the potential risks and advocate for testing and mitigation if necessary.
FAQ 10: What are the long-term health risks of radon exposure?
Prolonged exposure to elevated radon levels significantly increases the risk of developing lung cancer. The risk is higher for smokers and former smokers. Even non-smokers can develop lung cancer from radon exposure.
FAQ 11: How can I find a certified radon professional?
You can find a certified radon professional through the EPA’s website or by contacting your state radon program. Ensure the professional is licensed and insured. Also, check references and reviews before hiring anyone.
FAQ 12: What is the legal liability of a homeowner if radon is found in a home?
Homeowner liability varies widely depending on state laws and the specific terms of any real estate contracts. In some states, disclosure laws may require sellers to disclose known radon issues. It’s crucial to consult with a real estate attorney to understand your legal obligations.
Understanding what constitutes a high level of radon and the steps you can take to mitigate it is crucial for protecting your health and the health of your family. Don’t delay: test your home, understand the results, and take action if needed. Your lungs will thank you.