What Houseplants Clean the Air? Nature’s Own Air Purifiers

The question of which houseplants clean the air has intrigued researchers and homeowners alike. Several varieties effectively remove common indoor air pollutants like formaldehyde, benzene, and xylene, offering a natural way to improve indoor air quality. This article details which plants are most effective, how they work, and how to maximize their air-purifying benefits.

The Science Behind Air-Purifying Houseplants

The air-purifying capabilities of houseplants were famously highlighted in NASA’s Clean Air Study in 1989. This groundbreaking research investigated the potential of plants to combat Sick Building Syndrome by removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from enclosed spaces. While the study was conducted in sealed chambers and doesn’t perfectly translate to home environments, it identified several plants with significant air-cleaning potential.

The primary mechanism by which houseplants purify air is through the absorption of pollutants through their leaves and roots. These pollutants are then broken down by the plant’s metabolism or by microbes living in the soil. The process also involves the release of oxygen, which further contributes to cleaner air.

Top Houseplants for Air Purification

While many plants offer some level of air purification, certain species stand out due to their proven effectiveness and ease of care.

• Snake Plant (Sansevieria trifasciata): Known for its resilience and ability to thrive in low light, the Snake Plant is exceptional at removing formaldehyde, xylene, toluene, and nitrogen oxides. It also converts carbon dioxide to oxygen at night, making it ideal for bedrooms.

• Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum): This popular plant is highly effective at reducing formaldehyde, xylene, and carbon monoxide. It’s also easy to propagate, allowing you to quickly increase your collection.

• Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum): The Peace Lily is a beautiful flowering plant that can remove formaldehyde, benzene, trichloroethylene, xylene, and ammonia. However, it’s important to note that it is mildly toxic to pets.

• Pothos (Epipremnum aureum): One of the easiest houseplants to grow, Pothos is excellent at filtering formaldehyde, xylene, toluene, benzene, and carbon monoxide. Its trailing vines make it perfect for hanging baskets.

• English Ivy (Hedera helix): Effective at reducing airborne mold and formaldehyde, English Ivy can be grown indoors with proper care and bright, indirect light.

• Chinese Evergreen (Aglaonema): This low-maintenance plant is efficient at removing formaldehyde and benzene, and it thrives in low to medium light conditions.

• Bamboo Palm (Chamaedorea seifrizii): The Bamboo Palm is a natural humidifier and excellent at filtering formaldehyde, benzene, and trichloroethylene.

• Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller): Known for its medicinal properties, Aloe Vera also cleans the air of formaldehyde and benzene, common in cleaning products.

• Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium): This flowering plant is effective at removing benzene, formaldehyde, xylene, and ammonia.

• Rubber Plant (Ficus elastica): The Rubber Plant is a powerful air purifier that removes formaldehyde, xylene, toluene, and benzene. It’s also relatively easy to care for.

• Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina): This popular houseplant is effective at filtering formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene.

• Areca Palm (Dypsis lutescens): One of the best plants for air purification, the Areca Palm excels at removing formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene. It also acts as a natural humidifier.

Maximizing Air-Purifying Benefits

To maximize the air-purifying benefits of houseplants, consider the following:

• Plant Density: A higher density of plants will result in greater air purification. Experts recommend having at least one plant per 100 square feet of living space.
• Leaf Surface Area: Plants with larger leaves generally have a greater capacity for absorbing pollutants.
• Soil Microbes: The microbes in the soil play a crucial role in breaking down pollutants. Use a high-quality potting mix and avoid overwatering to maintain a healthy soil environment.
• Air Circulation: Ensure good air circulation around the plants to allow for maximum exposure to pollutants.
• Regular Cleaning: Dust can accumulate on plant leaves, hindering their ability to absorb pollutants. Regularly wipe down the leaves with a damp cloth.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

FAQ 1: How many houseplants do I need to make a difference in air quality?

While the exact number is debated, a good rule of thumb is one plant per 100 square feet of living space. However, this is a guideline. A larger variety of plants and types is more important than just a quantity of one type of plant. More plants will always be better.

FAQ 2: Are all houseplants effective at cleaning the air?

No, not all houseplants are equally effective. The plants listed above have been shown to have a greater capacity for removing common indoor air pollutants. Choosing from this list will yield better results.

FAQ 3: Do air-purifying plants also release oxygen?

Yes, as part of the photosynthetic process, plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This contributes to improved indoor air quality.

FAQ 4: Can houseplants completely replace air purifiers?

While houseplants offer a natural way to improve air quality, they may not completely replace the need for an air purifier in all situations, especially in homes with severe air pollution problems. They are best used as a supplement to other air purification methods.

FAQ 5: Do air-purifying plants require special care?

Most air-purifying plants are relatively easy to care for. However, it’s important to provide them with the appropriate light, water, and nutrients to ensure their health and effectiveness. Research the specific needs of each plant you choose.

FAQ 6: Are air-purifying plants safe for pets and children?

Some air-purifying plants, such as the Peace Lily and English Ivy, are toxic to pets and children if ingested. It’s important to research the toxicity of each plant and keep them out of reach of curious pets and children.

FAQ 7: How often should I water air-purifying plants?

Watering frequency depends on the specific plant and environmental conditions. Generally, it’s best to allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings to prevent overwatering and root rot.

FAQ 8: What kind of soil is best for air-purifying plants?

A well-draining potting mix is essential for most air-purifying plants. Avoid using garden soil, as it can compact and hinder drainage.

FAQ 9: Do air-purifying plants need fertilizer?

Yes, air-purifying plants benefit from regular fertilization during the growing season (spring and summer). Use a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength.

FAQ 10: How do I know if my air-purifying plant is working?

While it’s difficult to directly measure the air purification effects of houseplants, you may notice an improvement in overall air quality and a reduction in symptoms associated with Sick Building Syndrome, such as headaches, fatigue, and respiratory problems.

FAQ 11: Where is the best place to position air-purifying plants in my home?

Place plants in areas where you spend the most time, such as the living room and bedroom. Consider placing them near sources of pollution, such as printers and cleaning supplies.

FAQ 12: Can I use artificial light for air-purifying plants?

Yes, some air-purifying plants can thrive under artificial light, especially fluorescent or LED grow lights. This is particularly useful in areas with limited natural light.