What House Plants Clean the Air?

Several house plants effectively improve indoor air quality by absorbing common pollutants through their leaves and roots. Key air-purifying champions include the Snake Plant (Sansevieria trifasciata), Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum), Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii), and English Ivy (Hedera helix), each with varying levels of effectiveness against different pollutants.

The Science Behind Air-Purifying Plants

The idea that houseplants can significantly clean indoor air gained prominence following NASA’s Clean Air Study in the 1980s. This research, conducted to explore ways to purify the air in space stations, revealed that certain plants effectively removed chemicals like formaldehyde, benzene, xylene, trichloroethylene, and ammonia from sealed environments. While the conditions within a space station differ drastically from a typical home, the study ignited interest in the potential of houseplants for improving indoor air quality.

It’s important to understand the mechanisms at play. Plants absorb pollutants through their leaves’ stomata, tiny pores that allow for gas exchange. These pollutants are then transported to the roots, where they are broken down by microorganisms living in the soil. This symbiotic relationship between plant and soil microbes is crucial for the air-purifying process. The process is called phytoremediation.

The effectiveness of a plant in cleaning the air depends on several factors, including the plant species, the concentration of pollutants, the size of the room, and the number of plants present. While a single plant may not drastically alter air quality in a large, poorly ventilated space, a collection of strategically placed plants can contribute to a healthier indoor environment.

Top Air-Purifying House Plants

While many plants offer some air-purifying benefits, some are standouts due to their proven effectiveness and ease of care. Here are some of the best options:

• Snake Plant (Sansevieria trifasciata): This hardy plant is known for its ability to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen at night, making it an excellent addition to bedrooms. It also effectively removes formaldehyde, xylene, toluene, and nitrogen oxides.

• Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum): Spider plants are easy to propagate and are particularly effective at removing formaldehyde and xylene. They are also safe for pets, making them a good choice for households with animals.

• Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii): Peace lilies are known for their elegant white blooms and their ability to remove a wide range of pollutants, including formaldehyde, benzene, trichloroethylene, xylene, and ammonia. Caution: Peace Lilies are toxic to pets and children if ingested.

• English Ivy (Hedera helix): English ivy is effective at removing mold and allergens from the air, making it a good choice for people with allergies or asthma. It’s also relatively easy to grow indoors. Caution: English Ivy is toxic to pets and children if ingested.

• Golden Pothos (Epipremnum aureum): This versatile vine is known for its ability to thrive in low-light conditions and is effective at removing formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene. Caution: Golden Pothos is toxic to pets and children if ingested.

• Chinese Evergreen (Aglaonema): Chinese Evergreens are extremely low-maintenance and are excellent at removing formaldehyde and benzene. They come in a variety of colors and patterns, making them a visually appealing addition to any room.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

FAQ 1: How many plants do I need to make a difference?

A good rule of thumb is to have approximately one plant per 100 square feet of living space. However, this is just a guideline. The more plants you have, the better the air purification will be. Consider grouping plants together for a more dramatic effect and increased air-cleaning power.

FAQ 2: Do all house plants clean the air, or are some better than others?

While all plants contribute to air purification by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, certain species are more effective at removing specific pollutants. As noted above, Snake Plants, Spider Plants, Peace Lilies, and English Ivy are among the most effective. Choosing plants known for their air-purifying qualities will yield the best results.

FAQ 3: How do I care for air-purifying plants?

The care requirements for air-purifying plants vary depending on the species. Research the specific needs of each plant regarding light, water, and humidity. Generally, avoid overwatering, provide adequate light, and fertilize regularly during the growing season.

FAQ 4: Are air-purifying plants safe for pets and children?

Not all air-purifying plants are safe for pets and children. Some, like Peace Lilies, English Ivy, and Golden Pothos, are toxic if ingested. Choose pet-friendly options like Spider Plants, or keep toxic plants out of reach. Always research the toxicity of a plant before bringing it into your home.

FAQ 5: Do air-purifying plants remove dust?

While plants can help trap some dust particles on their leaves, they are not primarily designed to remove dust. Regular dusting of the leaves is important to maintain their air-purifying efficiency and prevent them from becoming dust collectors.

FAQ 6: Can air-purifying plants eliminate all indoor air pollution?

No, air-purifying plants are not a complete solution to indoor air pollution. They can significantly reduce the concentration of certain pollutants, but they cannot eliminate them entirely. Combine plants with other strategies, such as proper ventilation, regular cleaning, and avoiding sources of pollution like smoking indoors, for optimal air quality.

FAQ 7: Where is the best place to put air-purifying plants in my home?

Strategic placement is key. Place plants in areas where you spend the most time, such as bedrooms and living rooms. Also, consider placing them near potential sources of pollution, such as printers, copiers, and recently renovated areas.

FAQ 8: How often should I replace or repot my air-purifying plants?

Repotting is generally recommended every 1-2 years to provide fresh soil and room for the plant’s roots to grow. You shouldn’t need to completely “replace” your plant unless it becomes diseased or otherwise unhealthy. Proper care and maintenance will ensure your plant continues to thrive and purify the air.

FAQ 9: Do I need special soil for air-purifying plants?

A general-purpose potting mix is usually sufficient for most air-purifying plants. Ensure the soil is well-draining to prevent root rot. Some plants may benefit from specific soil amendments, such as perlite or vermiculite, to improve drainage and aeration.

FAQ 10: Can I use artificial light to grow air-purifying plants?

Yes, artificial light can be used to supplement or replace natural light, especially in areas with limited sunlight. Use grow lights or fluorescent lights that provide a broad spectrum of light.

FAQ 11: How can I tell if my air-purifying plants are working?

It’s difficult to directly measure the impact of plants on air quality without specialized equipment. However, you may notice a general improvement in air quality, such as reduced odors or fewer allergy symptoms. You may also feel more relaxed and energized in rooms with plants.

FAQ 12: Are there any new studies on the air-purifying capabilities of plants?

Research into the air-purifying abilities of plants is ongoing. While the NASA study provided a foundation, more recent studies continue to explore the effectiveness of different plant species and the role of soil microbes in the process. Staying informed about the latest research can help you make informed decisions about which plants to choose and how to care for them. Look for studies published in reputable scientific journals.