What does submissive mean in dogs?

Table of Contents

Submissive behavior in dogs is not weakness, but rather a set of behaviors designed to de-escalate conflict and avoid confrontation, signaling to a perceived higher-ranking individual (human or dog) that the dog is not a threat. It is a crucial part of canine social communication, helping to maintain peace within a pack or household.

Understanding Canine Communication: The Foundation of Submissive Behavior

To truly understand what submissive means in dogs, it’s essential to appreciate the complexity of canine communication. Dogs, descended from wolves, inherit a sophisticated system of social signaling, a language built on body posture, facial expressions, vocalizations, and scent. Within this language, submission plays a vital role in maintaining social order and preventing outright aggression. A submissive dog is not necessarily a scared or abused dog; often, it is simply a dog that understands its place in the social structure.

Types of Submissive Behavior

Submissive behavior in dogs can manifest in a variety of ways, ranging from subtle gestures to more pronounced displays. It’s important to recognize these different forms to properly interpret your dog’s interactions. We can broadly categorize these behaviors into active and passive submission.

Active Submission: This involves the dog actively displaying submissive signals. Examples include:
- Licking the face of the perceived dominant individual.
- Crouching low to the ground.
- Nudging or pawing at the dominant individual.
- Tail tucked between the legs.
- Ears back and flattened against the head.
- Rolling over to expose the belly.
- Whining or yelping softly.
Passive Submission: This is often a more intense form of submission, and may indicate anxiety. Examples include:
- Urinating submissively (particularly common in puppies).
- Completely freezing in place.
- Showing the whites of their eyes (“whale eye”).
- Avoiding eye contact.

The table below highlights the key differences between active and passive submission:

Feature	Active Submission	Passive Submission
——————	—————————————————	—————————————————
Intent	De-escalate conflict, offer appeasement	Avert perceived threat, express extreme fear
Body Language	More mobile, seeking interaction	Often frozen, avoiding interaction
Vocalization	Soft whining, yelping	May be silent or emit a high-pitched squeak
Potential Cause	Natural social behavior, mild correction	Fear, anxiety, perceived danger

Distinguishing Submission from Fear and Abuse

It’s crucial to differentiate between true submissive behavior and fear or signs of abuse. While some of the physical manifestations can overlap, the context and overall demeanor of the dog are key indicators. A truly submissive dog, while acknowledging a perceived higher status, should still exhibit confidence and curiosity in other situations. A dog consistently showing fear-based submission, particularly if accompanied by other signs of abuse (e.g., flinching, cowering, extreme shyness), needs professional help. Look for patterns of behavior and consider the dog’s history.

Misinterpreting Submissive Signals

One common mistake is misinterpreting submissive signals as a sign of guilt or defiance. For example, a dog that urinates submissively when scolded is not being spiteful; it is expressing fear and trying to appease you. Punishing a submissive dog for showing submissive behavior can be incredibly damaging, reinforcing the dog’s fear and potentially leading to more extreme reactions. Understanding the underlying motivation is vital.

The Role of Genetics and Environment

Both genetics and environment play a role in shaping a dog’s submissive behavior. Some breeds are naturally more inclined to exhibit certain submissive signals. Early socialization experiences also have a significant impact. A puppy that has been properly socialized with other dogs and humans is more likely to develop healthy social skills and understand the nuances of canine communication. Conversely, a dog that has experienced trauma or neglect may exhibit exaggerated or inappropriate submissive behaviors.

Addressing Problematic Submissive Behavior

While submissive behavior is generally normal, excessive or inappropriate submissive behaviors can indicate an underlying issue. For instance, constant submissive urination in an adult dog may point to anxiety or a medical problem. If you are concerned about your dog’s submissive behavior, it’s important to consult with a qualified veterinarian or certified dog trainer. They can help you identify the root cause and develop a plan to address it, which may involve:

Medical evaluation: To rule out any underlying medical conditions.
Behavioral modification: Using positive reinforcement techniques to build confidence and reduce anxiety.
Environmental management: Creating a safe and predictable environment for the dog.
Training: Basic obedience training can help improve the dog’s overall confidence and reduce anxiety around perceived authority figures.

The Benefits of Understanding Dog Submissiveness

Understanding what does submissive mean in dogs has huge benefits. By learning to recognize and interpret these signals, you can:

Build a stronger bond with your dog based on mutual understanding and respect.
Prevent misunderstandings and miscommunications that can lead to conflict.
Better manage interactions between your dog and other dogs or humans.
Identify potential underlying issues, such as anxiety or fear.
Create a safer and more harmonious environment for your dog.

By deepening your knowledge of canine communication, you can enhance your relationship with your furry friend and ensure their well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Why is my dog suddenly showing more submissive behavior than usual?

A sudden increase in submissive behavior could indicate several things. It might be a sign of underlying pain or illness, so a veterinary checkup is essential. Additionally, changes in the environment (new pet, new baby, moving) or a recent negative experience (scolding, confrontation with another dog) can trigger heightened submissiveness. Observe your dog carefully and consider any recent changes in their life.

Is submissive urination always a sign of a problem?

Submissive urination is more common in puppies and young dogs, as they are still learning to control their bladders and navigate social interactions. In adult dogs, however, it can indicate fear, anxiety, or a lack of confidence. While occasional submissive urination may not be cause for alarm, frequent or excessive urination warrants investigation by a veterinarian or behaviorist.

How can I help a dog who is overly submissive?

Helping an overly submissive dog involves building their confidence and reducing their anxiety. Use positive reinforcement techniques, such as rewarding them for confident body language and ignoring submissive behaviors. Avoid punishment or harsh corrections, as this will only exacerbate their fear. Consider consulting with a certified dog trainer or behaviorist for personalized guidance.

What is the difference between submission and appeasement?

While related, submission and appeasement have slightly different nuances. Submission is about acknowledging a perceived higher status, while appeasement is about actively trying to prevent conflict. Appeasement behaviors, such as licking, yawning, or turning away, are often used to defuse tension and signal that the dog is not a threat. All appeasement behaviors can be considered subsets of submissive behavior.

How do I handle a dog that is showing submissive behavior towards my children?

It is essential to ensure that children are always respectful and gentle with dogs. Teach children how to approach and interact with dogs safely, avoiding behaviors that may be perceived as threatening (e.g., staring, hugging). Supervise interactions closely and intervene if the dog shows signs of discomfort or stress. If your dog is exhibiting submissive behavior towards your children, it is crucial to consult with a professional trainer to ensure everyone’s safety and well-being.

Can a dog be dominant and submissive at the same time?

Yes, dogs can exhibit both dominant and submissive behaviors depending on the context and the individual they are interacting with. Dominance and submission are not fixed traits but rather fluid behaviors that can change based on the specific situation. A dog might be dominant with one dog in the park but submissive to you at home.

Is rolling over always a sign of submission?

While rolling over is often interpreted as a sign of submission, it can also be a sign of trust or playfulness. Observe the dog’s overall body language to determine the context. If the dog is relaxed, wagging its tail, and inviting you to rub its belly, it’s likely a sign of trust and affection. If the dog is tense, tucking its tail, and showing the whites of its eyes, it’s more likely a sign of submission.

How does early socialization affect a dog’s submissive behavior?

Early socialization plays a critical role in shaping a dog’s social skills and influencing their submissive behavior. Puppies that are exposed to a variety of people, dogs, and environments are more likely to develop healthy social skills and learn to navigate social interactions appropriately. Lack of socialization can lead to fear, anxiety, and inappropriate submissive or aggressive behaviors.

What are some common mistakes people make when interpreting submissive behavior?

Common mistakes include: punishing submissive behavior, misinterpreting submissive signals as defiance, ignoring signs of fear or anxiety underlying submissive behavior, and failing to provide a safe and supportive environment. Understanding the root cause of the behavior is crucial for responding appropriately.

What breeds are known for being more submissive?

While individual personalities vary, some breeds are generally known for being more submissive than others. These include breeds like Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. However, it is important to remember that every dog is an individual, and genetics is only one factor influencing behavior.

How do I know if my dog’s submissive behavior is becoming a problem?

If your dog’s submissive behavior is excessive, constant, or accompanied by other signs of distress (e.g., fear, anxiety, aggression), it is likely becoming a problem. Additionally, if the behavior is interfering with your dog’s quality of life or posing a risk to themselves or others, it’s important to seek professional help.

Can training classes help with submissive behavior?

Yes, training classes can be beneficial for dogs exhibiting submissive behavior, especially if the behavior is rooted in fear or anxiety. Positive reinforcement training methods can help build confidence and teach the dog to respond appropriately to commands. Choose a training class that uses positive reinforcement techniques and is led by a certified trainer.