What Does a Possum Do When Scared? Unveiling the Opossum’s Defense Mechanisms
When a possum is scared, it typically employs a range of defensive tactics, most famously playing dead – a behavior known as “playing possum.” This often involves feigning death by appearing lifeless, sometimes accompanied by foul odors and bodily fluids, to deter predators.
Understanding the Opossum’s World
The Virginia opossum ( Didelphis virginiana), often simply called a possum, is North America’s only marsupial. These adaptable creatures are nocturnal scavengers and omnivores, thriving in a variety of habitats, from forests to urban areas. Their adaptability comes with a price: they are frequently confronted with predators like dogs, foxes, owls, and even cars. Understanding what does a possum do when scared? requires acknowledging its vulnerability. Their primary survival strategy hinges on avoiding confrontation.
The Art of Playing Possum
The opossum’s “playing possum” act is a fascinating evolutionary adaptation. It’s not a conscious decision but rather an involuntary response to extreme fear. This catatonic state can last from a few minutes to several hours. During this time, the opossum’s heart rate slows significantly, and its breathing becomes shallow, mimicking death so effectively that many predators lose interest.
- Physiological Changes: Reduced heart rate, slowed breathing, lowered body temperature.
- Physical Appearance: Eyes glaze over, mouth hangs open, tongue lolls out.
- Scent Defense: Anal glands release a foul-smelling, greenish fluid.
Other Defense Mechanisms
While playing possum is the most well-known defense mechanism, it isn’t the only trick in the opossum’s arsenal. What does a possum do when scared? can vary based on the severity and immediacy of the threat.
- Hissing and Growling: An opossum may hiss, growl, and bare its teeth in an attempt to ward off a potential predator. This is often a bluff, as they are not particularly aggressive.
- Baring Teeth: The opossum has an impressive display of 50 teeth, which it may use to appear intimidating.
- Climbing: Opossums are skilled climbers and will often seek refuge in trees when threatened.
- Running: While not fast runners, opossums can move quickly to escape danger if given the opportunity.
Possum Behavior Compared to Other Animals
| Feature | Opossum | Other Animals (Examples) |
|---|---|---|
| —————– | ——————————————– | ————————————— |
| Primary Defense | Playing Possum, Hissing, Climbing | Flight, Fight, Camouflage |
| Aggression Level | Low; Primarily defensive | Varies widely depending on species |
| Habitat | Varied; Adaptable to urban environments | Species-specific |
| Unique Feature | Marsupial; Carries young in a pouch | Varies |
Why Playing Possum Works
The effectiveness of playing possum lies in the predator’s instincts. Many predators prefer to hunt live prey. A seemingly dead animal is less appealing, reducing the likelihood of attack. The foul odor released by the opossum further reinforces the impression of decay, deterring scavengers. This combined effect significantly increases the opossum’s chances of survival.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What happens internally when an opossum “plays possum”?
When an opossum “plays possum,” it enters a catatonic state characterized by significant physiological changes. Its heart rate and breathing slow dramatically, and its body temperature drops. This involuntary response mimics the appearance of death, fooling predators into losing interest.
How long can an opossum “play possum”?
The duration of the “playing possum” act can vary, ranging from a few minutes to several hours. The length depends on the severity of the perceived threat and the opossum’s overall stress level.
Is “playing possum” a conscious decision by the opossum?
No, “playing possum” is not a conscious decision. It is an involuntary physiological response triggered by extreme fear. The opossum doesn’t actively decide to feign death; its body reacts automatically.
Are opossums dangerous to humans?
Opossums are generally not dangerous to humans. They are more likely to play dead or attempt to escape than to attack. However, like any wild animal, it is best to avoid direct contact and keep a safe distance.
Do opossums carry diseases?
Opossums can carry diseases, but they are less likely to transmit rabies than many other mammals. They are more commonly associated with carrying parasites like fleas and ticks.
What should I do if I find an opossum playing possum?
If you find an opossum playing possum, the best course of action is to leave it alone. Give it space and allow it to recover from its fear response. Avoid disturbing it, as this could prolong the duration of the act.
Are opossums beneficial to the environment?
Yes, opossums are beneficial to the environment. They are scavengers and help control insect populations by eating ticks, snails, and other pests. They also play a role in seed dispersal.
Do opossums eat garbage?
Opossums are opportunistic feeders and will eat garbage if it is readily available. This makes them common visitors to urban areas. Securing garbage cans can help reduce opossum encounters.
How can I keep opossums away from my property?
To keep opossums away, secure garbage cans, remove potential food sources, and block access to under decks and porches. Motion-activated lights can also deter them.
What is the difference between a possum and an opossum?
While often used interchangeably, “opossum” is the more accurate term for the North American marsupial Didelphis virginiana. “Possum” commonly refers to Australian marsupials, which are a different species entirely.
Do baby opossums play dead?
Yes, young opossums also exhibit the “playing possum” behavior. It is an inherited trait that helps them survive from a young age.
Why are opossums often seen dead on the road?
Opossums have poor eyesight and slow reaction times, making them vulnerable to vehicles. Their scavenging habits also lead them to roads in search of food.