How to Use Diatomaceous Earth for Pest Control?
Diatomaceous earth (DE), composed of fossilized remains of diatoms, is a powerful yet natural pest control solution. It works by desiccating insects’ exoskeletons, leading to their dehydration and eventual demise. Effective application involves understanding the different types of DE, identifying targeted pests, and employing appropriate methods for dispersal.
Understanding Diatomaceous Earth
Diatomaceous earth isn’t just dirt; it’s a meticulously formed substance. To wield its power effectively, it’s crucial to differentiate its forms and understand its mode of action.
Food Grade vs. Filter Grade DE
The key distinction lies in purity and purpose. Food grade DE is safe for consumption by humans and animals and is approved for use around food. It contains very low levels of crystalline silica, a known carcinogen when inhaled in high concentrations. Filter grade DE, on the other hand, is used in industrial applications like swimming pool filters and contains a much higher percentage of crystalline silica. Never use filter grade DE for pest control around your home or garden. It’s dangerous to breathe and could be harmful to your pets and children.
How DE Works: Desiccation
DE works through physical, not chemical, action. The microscopic, razor-sharp edges of the diatom fossils scratch and abrade the waxy outer layer of insects’ exoskeletons. This damage leads to desiccation: the loss of moisture. Insects eventually dehydrate and die. This purely physical action means insects are less likely to develop resistance to DE, unlike with chemical pesticides.
Identifying Target Pests
Knowing your enemy is half the battle. DE is effective against a wide range of insects, but understanding its limitations is equally important.
Common Pests Controlled by DE
DE is highly effective against crawling insects such as ants, cockroaches, fleas, bed bugs, silverfish, earwigs, and certain types of beetles. It can also be used against slugs and snails, although it needs to be reapplied after rain. It’s less effective against flying insects like flies and mosquitoes.
Pests Less Susceptible to DE
While versatile, DE isn’t a silver bullet. Pests like spider mites and aphids, which primarily feed on plant sap and have softer bodies, are less susceptible. Similarly, insects with highly specialized exoskeletons or those that spend most of their time hidden inside structures might evade DE’s effects.
Applying Diatomaceous Earth for Pest Control
Application is key to success. Improper application can render DE ineffective or even create unintended consequences.
Indoor Application
For indoor pest control, lightly dust cracks and crevices, baseboards, under appliances, and other areas where pests are likely to travel or hide. A duster applicator can help ensure even coverage. Avoid creating thick piles of DE, as insects are less likely to walk through them. A thin, even coating is far more effective. Remember to wear a mask during application to avoid inhaling the fine dust.
Outdoor Application
Outdoor application is trickier due to weather conditions. Apply DE on dry days and reapply after rain. Dust around plants affected by crawling pests, focusing on the base of the plant and the surrounding soil. Be mindful of beneficial insects like bees; avoid dusting flowers or areas where they are likely to forage.
Application for Specific Pests
The method varies depending on the target pest. For fleas, dust carpets, pet bedding, and areas where pets frequent. For bed bugs, focus on mattresses (after carefully vacuuming), bed frames, and cracks in the wall. For ants, trace their trails back to their entry point and apply DE at the source.
Safety Precautions When Using DE
While generally safe, proper handling of DE is crucial to avoid potential health risks.
Protecting Yourself
Always wear a dust mask or respirator during application to prevent inhalation of DE dust. Avoid getting DE in your eyes; if contact occurs, flush thoroughly with water. Wash your hands after handling DE.
Protecting Pets and Children
While food-grade DE is safe if ingested in small amounts, keep it out of reach of children and pets. Avoid applying DE directly to pets’ skin, as it can be drying and irritating.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Diatomaceous Earth
Q1: How long does it take for diatomaceous earth to kill pests?
The timeframe varies depending on the pest and the severity of the infestation. Generally, you should start seeing results within 24-72 hours. However, it may take a week or two for complete control, especially for larger infestations. Consistent reapplication is often necessary.
Q2: Can I use DE on my pet to get rid of fleas?
While some people use food-grade DE for flea control on pets, it’s not generally recommended as a primary treatment. It can be very drying to the skin and may not be as effective as other flea control products specifically designed for pets. Consult with your veterinarian for the safest and most effective flea treatment options for your animal. If you do choose to use DE, apply a very light dusting only, avoiding the face and eyes.
Q3: Is DE harmful to humans if ingested?
Food-grade DE is generally considered safe for human consumption in small amounts. It is sometimes added to animal feed as an anti-caking agent. However, inhaling DE dust can be irritating to the lungs and eyes. Always wear a mask during application.
Q4: How often should I reapply DE?
Reapply DE after rain or any disturbance to the treated area. For indoor applications, reapply every few weeks, or as needed, until the infestation is controlled.
Q5: Can DE kill beneficial insects like bees?
Yes, DE can harm beneficial insects if they come into contact with it. Avoid applying DE directly to flowers or areas where bees are actively foraging. Be strategic in your application to minimize the impact on beneficial insects.
Q6: Does DE expire?
No, DE does not expire. As long as it’s stored in a dry place, it will remain effective indefinitely.
Q7: Can I mix DE with water and spray it?
While you can mix DE with water and spray it, it’s generally less effective when wet. The DE needs to be dry to effectively abrade the insects’ exoskeletons. Once the water evaporates, the DE will leave a residue that can be effective, but it’s best to apply it dry.
Q8: Is DE effective against all types of ants?
DE is effective against many types of ants, especially those that crawl across treated surfaces. However, ants that primarily nest deep underground or that have established complex foraging trails may be more difficult to control. In these cases, combining DE with other ant control methods, such as baits, might be necessary.
Q9: Can DE be used in the garden to protect plants?
Yes, DE can be used in the garden to protect plants from crawling pests like slugs, snails, and certain beetles. Dust the soil around the base of the plants and reapply after rain. Avoid applying DE directly to the plant’s foliage unless it’s specifically targeted by a pest.
Q10: How do I store DE properly?
Store DE in a dry, airtight container in a cool, dark place. This will prevent it from clumping and maintain its effectiveness.
Q11: Where can I purchase food-grade diatomaceous earth?
Food-grade DE can be purchased at most garden supply stores, hardware stores, feed stores, and online retailers. Be sure to specifically look for “food grade” on the label to ensure you are getting the correct type.
Q12: Can DE be used in combination with other pest control methods?
Yes, DE can be effectively integrated with other pest control strategies. Using DE in conjunction with baits, traps, and natural predators can provide a more comprehensive and sustainable approach to pest management. Just ensure any chemical treatments are compatible with DE before applying them simultaneously.