How to Use Diatomaceous Earth? A Comprehensive Guide
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a versatile, naturally occurring substance composed of fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled algae. Its multifaceted applications, ranging from pest control to health supplements, make it a valuable resource for homeowners, gardeners, and even those seeking natural health solutions.
Understanding Diatomaceous Earth
What is Diatomaceous Earth?
Diatomaceous earth isn’t actually “earth,” but rather the siliceous fossilized remains of diatoms, microscopic single-celled algae. These diatoms accumulated over millennia in freshwater and marine environments. DE is mined, dried, and milled into a fine powder. There are two main types: food-grade DE and filter-grade DE. It’s crucial to understand the difference, as their uses and safety profiles diverge significantly.
Food-Grade vs. Filter-Grade: Knowing the Difference
The key difference lies in the processing and intended use. Food-grade DE is specifically processed for consumption by humans and animals and is generally considered safe. It contains a low percentage of crystalline silica (typically less than 1%). Filter-grade DE, often used in swimming pool filters and industrial applications, contains a significantly higher percentage of crystalline silica, which is hazardous to breathe in and should never be ingested. Always purchase DE specifically labeled as “food-grade” if you intend to use it for consumption or applications involving potential human or animal contact.
Using Diatomaceous Earth for Pest Control
Indoor Pest Control
DE’s microscopic structure, with its sharp edges, works by abrasively damaging the exoskeletons of insects. This leads to dehydration and ultimately, death. To use DE indoors for pest control:
- Identify affected areas: Locate where pests like ants, cockroaches, fleas, or bed bugs are present.
- Apply a thin layer: Using a duster or applicator bottle, lightly sprinkle DE in cracks, crevices, along baseboards, under appliances, and in other areas where pests travel or hide. A thin, almost invisible layer is more effective than a thick pile, as insects are more likely to walk through it.
- Avoid moisture: DE is most effective when dry.
- Reapply as needed: The effectiveness of DE diminishes if it gets wet or disturbed. Reapply after cleaning or if you notice renewed pest activity.
- Safety precautions: Wear a mask and gloves during application to avoid inhaling the fine powder. Vacuum up excess DE after a few days.
Outdoor Pest Control in the Garden
DE can be a valuable tool for organic gardening. It’s effective against many common garden pests, including aphids, slugs, snails, caterpillars, and beetles.
- Dusting plants: Lightly dust plant leaves and stems, especially the undersides where pests tend to congregate.
- Creating barriers: Sprinkle DE around the base of plants to create a barrier that slugs and snails are unlikely to cross.
- Soil amendment: Incorporating DE into the soil can help improve drainage and aeration.
- Timing is key: Apply DE in the morning or evening when dew is present, as this will help the powder adhere to the plants. Reapply after rain.
- Protect beneficial insects: While DE is generally safe, it can also harm beneficial insects like bees and ladybugs if they come into contact with it. Avoid applying DE directly to flowers.
Using Diatomaceous Earth for Animal Health
Internal Parasite Control
Some people use food-grade DE as a natural dewormer for pets and livestock. The idea is that the sharp edges of the DE can damage the parasites’ exoskeletons, leading to their elimination. However, scientific evidence supporting this claim is limited and often anecdotal. Consult with a veterinarian before using DE for internal parasite control. If your vet approves, follow their recommended dosage carefully.
External Parasite Control
DE can be used to control external parasites like fleas, ticks, and mites on pets and livestock.
- Dusting animals: Lightly dust the animal’s coat, being careful to avoid the eyes, nose, and mouth.
- Treating bedding: Sprinkle DE in animal bedding to kill fleas and other parasites.
- Chicken coops: DE is a popular choice for controlling mites in chicken coops. Sprinkle it on the floor, in nesting boxes, and dust the chickens themselves.
Safety Considerations When Using Diatomaceous Earth
Crystalline Silica
The primary safety concern with DE is the presence of crystalline silica. While food-grade DE contains a low percentage, prolonged exposure to airborne crystalline silica, especially in filter-grade DE, can lead to silicosis, a serious lung disease.
Precautions
- Always wear a mask when handling DE, especially during application.
- Avoid generating dust.
- Use in a well-ventilated area.
- Keep DE away from children and pets.
- Store DE in a dry, airtight container.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Diatomaceous Earth
FAQ 1: Is all Diatomaceous Earth the same?
No. As mentioned above, the crucial distinction is between food-grade and filter-grade DE. Food-grade is for consumption/animal health, while filter-grade is for industrial applications and never for ingestion.
FAQ 2: How long does it take for Diatomaceous Earth to kill pests?
The time it takes for DE to kill pests depends on several factors, including the type of pest, the amount of DE applied, and environmental conditions. Generally, it takes between a few hours to a few days for DE to effectively kill insects.
FAQ 3: Can I use Diatomaceous Earth to control fleas on my dog?
Yes, you can use food-grade DE to control fleas on your dog. Lightly dust the animal’s coat, avoiding the eyes, nose, and mouth. Also, treat the dog’s bedding and the areas where it spends the most time. Always consult your veterinarian first.
FAQ 4: Is Diatomaceous Earth safe for my garden?
Generally, yes. Food-grade DE is considered safe for use in the garden. However, it can also harm beneficial insects, so use it judiciously and avoid applying it directly to flowers.
FAQ 5: How often should I apply Diatomaceous Earth?
Reapply DE as needed, typically after rain or if you notice renewed pest activity. For indoor applications, you may need to reapply every few weeks or months.
FAQ 6: Does Diatomaceous Earth expire?
DE does not expire, but its effectiveness can diminish if it gets wet or contaminated. Store it in a dry, airtight container.
FAQ 7: Can Diatomaceous Earth be used for internal parasites in humans?
While some people claim that food-grade DE can help eliminate internal parasites in humans, there is no scientific evidence to support this claim. Ingesting DE is not a proven treatment for any human ailment. Consult a doctor for any health concerns and to receive proper medical treatment.
FAQ 8: Where can I buy Diatomaceous Earth?
Food-grade DE is widely available at garden centers, pet supply stores, health food stores, and online retailers. Always ensure you are purchasing food-grade DE for applications involving potential human or animal contact.
FAQ 9: How do I store Diatomaceous Earth?
Store DE in a dry, airtight container in a cool, dry place. This will help prevent it from clumping and losing its effectiveness.
FAQ 10: Can Diatomaceous Earth be used in my swimming pool?
No, you should only use filter-grade DE in swimming pool filters. Food-grade DE is not designed for this purpose and will not effectively filter the water. Moreover, filter-grade DE should not be handled without proper safety precautions.
FAQ 11: Is Diatomaceous Earth a pesticide?
Technically, DE is classified as a desiccant and a mechanical insecticide. It works by physical means, rather than chemical action, to kill insects.
FAQ 12: What are the potential side effects of ingesting Diatomaceous Earth?
While food-grade DE is generally considered safe, potential side effects of ingestion include mild digestive upset, such as constipation or bloating. Drinking plenty of water can help mitigate these effects. Again, always consult your doctor before ingesting any supplement.
By understanding the properties of diatomaceous earth and following the guidelines outlined above, you can effectively utilize this versatile substance for pest control, gardening, and animal health. Remember to prioritize safety by using food-grade DE when appropriate and taking necessary precautions to avoid inhaling the dust. Always consult with professionals such as vets and doctors before starting any new regime involving your own and your pet’s health.