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How to Put Out a Chimney Fire?

A chimney fire is a dangerous emergency requiring immediate and informed action. The safest and most effective initial response is to call 911 while simultaneously taking steps to contain the fire and prevent it from spreading beyond the chimney.

Understanding Chimney Fires: An Overview

Chimney fires are more common than many homeowners realize. They occur when creosote, a highly flammable byproduct of burning wood, builds up inside the chimney flue. When this creosote ignites, it creates a raging fire that can rapidly spread to the surrounding structure. Recognizing the signs and knowing how to react is crucial for preventing catastrophic damage and ensuring safety.

The sound of a chimney fire is often described as a loud roaring or popping noise. You may also see thick smoke billowing from the top of the chimney, accompanied by intense heat radiating from the fireplace. If you suspect a chimney fire, don’t hesitate – act immediately.

Steps to Take When a Chimney Fire Occurs

Here’s a breakdown of the essential steps to take if you suspect a chimney fire:

Call 911 Immediately: Your first priority is to alert the fire department. They have the expertise and equipment to safely extinguish the fire and assess any structural damage. Don’t delay this step while attempting to put the fire out yourself.
Alert Everyone in the House: Make sure all occupants are aware of the fire and evacuate the premises if necessary. Having a fire escape plan in place can save valuable time and lives.
Smother the Fire in the Fireplace: Close the glass doors of the fireplace if it has them. This will help contain the flames and reduce the amount of smoke entering the room.
Stop Air Supply: Turn off the central heating system or any fans that might be circulating air through the house. This prevents the fire from being fed with oxygen and spreading more rapidly.
Close the Damper (Cautiously): If it’s safe to do so, partially close the damper to restrict airflow up the chimney. However, only do this if you are absolutely certain it will not create a backdraft that forces smoke and flames into the room. Observe the smoke carefully. If smoke starts to come out into the room, open the damper slightly.
Spread Baking Soda (if safe): If you have baking soda readily available, carefully toss a cup or two into the firebox. This can help to extinguish the flames and reduce the intensity of the fire. Do not use water! Water can create steam and cause the creosote to rapidly expand, potentially damaging the chimney.
Remove Combustible Materials: Clear away any rugs, furniture, or other flammable items near the fireplace to prevent the fire from spreading.
Monitor the Chimney Exterior: Go outside and observe the chimney. Look for signs of the fire spreading to the roof or surrounding structures. Be prepared to use a garden hose to wet down any areas that are at risk.
Wait for the Fire Department: Do not re-enter the house until the fire department has arrived and declared it safe. They will thoroughly inspect the chimney and the surrounding areas to ensure that the fire is completely extinguished and that there is no risk of it reigniting.

Prevention is Key: Maintaining a Safe Chimney

The best way to deal with a chimney fire is to prevent it from happening in the first place. Regular chimney maintenance is essential for ensuring the safety of your home.

Schedule Regular Chimney Inspections

Have your chimney inspected at least once a year by a qualified chimney sweep. They can identify potential problems, such as creosote buildup, cracks in the flue, or other structural issues.

Clean Your Chimney Regularly

Clean your chimney regularly, especially if you burn wood frequently. The frequency of cleaning will depend on the type of wood you burn and how often you use your fireplace. Generally, you should have your chimney cleaned every 1-3 years.

Burn Seasoned Wood

Burn only seasoned wood, which has a moisture content of less than 20%. Seasoned wood burns cleaner and produces less creosote than green or wet wood. Avoid burning treated wood, trash, or other materials that can create excessive smoke and creosote.

Install a Chimney Cap

A chimney cap prevents rain, snow, leaves, and animals from entering the chimney. This can help to prevent blockages and reduce the risk of chimney fires.

Be Aware of Creosote Buildup

Monitor your chimney for signs of creosote buildup. If you notice a thick, tarry substance inside the flue, it’s time to have your chimney cleaned.

FAQs: Chimney Fire Prevention and Response

Here are some frequently asked questions about chimney fires to further enhance your understanding:

Q1: What exactly is creosote, and why is it so dangerous?

Creosote is a byproduct of incomplete combustion when burning wood. It’s a dark brown or black tar-like substance that accumulates inside the chimney flue. It’s dangerous because it’s highly flammable, and even a small amount of creosote can ignite and cause a chimney fire.

Q2: Can I use a chimney fire log to prevent chimney fires?

Chimney fire logs can help reduce creosote buildup, but they are not a substitute for regular chimney inspections and cleanings. They can loosen existing creosote, but it still needs to be removed from the chimney. Consider them an adjunct to, not a replacement for, professional chimney maintenance.

Q3: How can I tell if I’m burning seasoned wood?

Seasoned wood is dry and lightweight. It will have cracks on the ends and will make a hollow sound when two pieces are struck together. Green wood will be heavier, denser, and will not have cracks. Wood moisture meters are also available.

Q4: Is it safe to use a metal chimney brush myself to clean my chimney?

While DIY chimney cleaning is possible, it’s generally recommended to hire a professional chimney sweep. They have the experience, tools, and training to safely and effectively clean your chimney. Improper cleaning can damage the chimney and increase the risk of a fire.

Q5: My house is equipped with smoke detectors. Will they detect a chimney fire early enough?

Smoke detectors are essential, but they may not always detect a chimney fire in its early stages. Chimney fires often occur within the confines of the chimney flue, and the smoke may not immediately escape into the living areas. However, smoke detectors will alert you if the fire spreads beyond the chimney and into the house.

Q6: I have a gas fireplace. Can I still have a chimney fire?

While less common, chimney fires can occur in gas fireplaces. The byproduct of gas combustion can also create deposits, although they are usually less flammable than creosote. Regular inspection and cleaning are still recommended.

Q7: What kind of fire extinguisher should I keep near my fireplace?

It is recommended to have a Class ABC fire extinguisher near the fireplace. This type of extinguisher is effective on a wide range of fires, including those involving wood, paper, and electrical equipment. Never use water on a chimney fire!

Q8: How often should I have my chimney inspected if I rarely use my fireplace?

Even if you rarely use your fireplace, it’s still important to have your chimney inspected annually. Animals can build nests inside the chimney, and structural problems can develop over time, even without regular use.

Q9: What are the signs of structural damage to my chimney?

Signs of structural damage include cracks in the brickwork, crumbling mortar, and a leaning chimney. If you notice any of these signs, have your chimney inspected by a professional immediately.

Q10: What are the costs associated with repairing a chimney after a fire?

The costs associated with repairing a chimney after a fire can vary widely depending on the extent of the damage. Minor repairs may cost a few hundred dollars, while major repairs or complete chimney replacement can cost several thousand dollars.

Q11: My insurance company is asking for a chimney inspection report. Where can I get one?

Contact a certified chimney sweep to perform an inspection and provide you with a written report. This report will detail the condition of your chimney and any necessary repairs.

Q12: What should I do if I think the fire has spread to the walls of my house?

If you suspect the fire has spread to the walls of your house, evacuate immediately and wait for the fire department. Do not attempt to put out the fire yourself. The fire department has the expertise and equipment to safely extinguish the fire and prevent it from spreading further.

By understanding the causes of chimney fires, taking preventative measures, and knowing how to respond in an emergency, you can significantly reduce the risk of a devastating fire and protect your home and family. Always err on the side of caution and call 911 if you suspect a chimney fire.