How to Install a Wood Burning Fireplace Insert: A Definitive Guide

Installing a wood-burning fireplace insert is a significant undertaking that transforms an inefficient open fireplace into a powerful, cost-effective heating source. This guide provides a comprehensive, step-by-step approach to successfully installing your insert, ensuring safety and optimal performance.

Assessing Your Existing Fireplace & Choosing the Right Insert

Before even considering the actual installation, thorough assessment and selection are critical. Misjudging either can lead to dangerous situations or a poorly functioning fireplace.

Measuring Your Fireplace

The first step is meticulously measuring your existing fireplace opening. You’ll need the height, width, and depth of the firebox. These measurements are crucial for selecting an insert that fits correctly. Too small, and you’ll lose efficiency; too large, and it simply won’t fit.

Inspecting the Chimney

This is arguably the most critical step. A qualified chimney sweep must inspect your chimney before you consider installing an insert. They will assess the condition of the flue, check for cracks or deterioration, and determine if it’s adequately sized for the new insert. A damaged or undersized chimney poses a severe fire hazard.

Understanding Clearance Requirements

Different inserts have different clearance requirements from combustible materials like walls, mantels, and flooring. Consult the manufacturer’s specifications meticulously. These clearances ensure that the heat generated by the insert doesn’t ignite surrounding materials.

Selecting the Correct Insert

Once you have your measurements and chimney inspection report, you can select an appropriate insert. Consider the heating capacity (BTUs) needed for your space, the insert’s efficiency rating, and any desired features like a blower or catalytic combustor.

Preparing for the Installation

Now that you’ve chosen the right insert, it’s time for preparation. Safety is paramount throughout this process.

Gathering Your Tools and Materials

You’ll need a variety of tools, including:

• Measuring tape
• Level
• Drill with various bits
• Screwdrivers (Phillips and flathead)
• Wrenches
• Hammer
• Safety glasses
• Work gloves
• Dust mask
• Chimney liner kit (stainless steel is recommended)
• Insulation (non-combustible)
• Masonry drill and hammer drill (if needed)
• Fire-resistant sealant

Cleaning the Fireplace

Thoroughly clean the existing fireplace, removing all ash, soot, and debris. This creates a safer and cleaner working environment.

Installing the Chimney Liner

This is a critical step that often requires professional assistance. A stainless steel chimney liner is typically necessary to ensure proper venting and prevent dangerous creosote buildup. The liner must extend from the insert’s flue collar all the way to the top of the chimney.

Preparing the Hearth

Ensure the hearth is level and capable of supporting the weight of the insert. If necessary, reinforce or extend the hearth with non-combustible materials like concrete or stone.

Installing the Fireplace Insert

Now for the main event! This requires patience and careful attention to detail.

Positioning the Insert

Carefully move the insert into position. Use assistance if needed, as inserts can be quite heavy. Ensure the insert is centered in the fireplace opening.

Connecting the Chimney Liner

Connect the chimney liner to the insert’s flue collar, ensuring a tight and secure seal. Use fire-resistant sealant to prevent any leaks.

Sealing the Insert

Seal any gaps between the insert and the fireplace opening with non-combustible insulation. This prevents heat loss and ensures optimal efficiency.

Testing the Installation

Before firing up the insert, conduct a test burn. Start with a small fire and carefully monitor the draft and smoke flow. Ensure that all smoke is exiting through the chimney and that there are no leaks.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

FAQ 1: Can I install a wood-burning fireplace insert myself?

While technically possible for experienced DIYers, it’s strongly recommended to hire a certified installer. Improper installation can lead to fire hazards, carbon monoxide poisoning, and voided warranties. Professional installation ensures safety and compliance with local building codes.

FAQ 2: What is a chimney liner, and why is it important?

A chimney liner is a tube, typically made of stainless steel, that runs the length of the chimney. It protects the chimney masonry from corrosive byproducts of combustion and ensures proper draft for the insert. Without a proper liner, the chimney could crack, leak dangerous gases, or even collapse.

FAQ 3: How do I choose the right size fireplace insert?

The size of the insert should be determined by the square footage you want to heat and the existing fireplace opening size. Consult the manufacturer’s specifications for BTU output and dimension requirements. An undersized insert won’t adequately heat your space, while an oversized one could overheat it.

FAQ 4: What are the safety precautions I should take during installation?

Wear safety glasses and work gloves at all times. Ensure adequate ventilation to avoid inhaling dust or fumes. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions meticulously. Always disconnect power to any electrical components before working on them. If in doubt, consult a professional.

FAQ 5: How much does it cost to install a wood-burning fireplace insert?

The cost varies depending on the insert’s price, the complexity of the installation, and labor costs in your area. Expect to pay between $2,000 and $5,000 or more for the entire project, including the insert, liner, and installation.

FAQ 6: What type of wood should I burn in my fireplace insert?

Burn only seasoned hardwood, such as oak, maple, or ash. Seasoned wood has a moisture content below 20%, which ensures efficient burning and reduces creosote buildup. Avoid burning softwoods like pine, as they produce more creosote.

FAQ 7: How often should I clean my chimney?

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) recommends that chimneys be inspected at least once a year and cleaned as needed. If you burn wood frequently, you may need to clean your chimney more often.

FAQ 8: What is creosote, and why is it dangerous?

Creosote is a highly flammable substance that builds up in the chimney flue as a byproduct of incomplete combustion. Creosote buildup is a major fire hazard and can lead to chimney fires. Regular chimney cleaning is essential to remove creosote.

FAQ 9: What are the benefits of a wood-burning fireplace insert compared to an open fireplace?

Wood-burning fireplace inserts are significantly more efficient than open fireplaces. They convert more of the wood’s energy into heat, reducing heat loss up the chimney. They are also safer, as they prevent sparks and embers from escaping into the room.

FAQ 10: What are some common problems that can occur after installing a fireplace insert?

Common problems include poor draft, excessive smoke, creosote buildup, and overheating. These problems can often be resolved by adjusting the damper, cleaning the chimney, or improving ventilation.

FAQ 11: Do I need a permit to install a wood-burning fireplace insert?

Yes, in most jurisdictions, you will need a building permit to install a wood-burning fireplace insert. Check with your local building department to determine the specific requirements in your area.

FAQ 12: How can I maximize the efficiency of my wood-burning fireplace insert?

• Burn only seasoned hardwood.
• Keep the damper open only as much as necessary.
• Regularly clean the chimney.
• Install a blower to circulate heat.
• Seal any gaps around the insert.

By following these steps and consulting with qualified professionals, you can safely and efficiently install a wood-burning fireplace insert and enjoy the warmth and ambiance it provides for years to come.