How to Clean Gravestones on Graves: A Comprehensive Guide

Cleaning gravestones is a respectful and rewarding way to honor the past. However, it’s crucial to proceed with care and knowledge to avoid causing damage to these historical markers. Knowing the right techniques and materials is essential for preserving the integrity of the stone and ensuring its longevity.

Understanding the Importance of Careful Cleaning

Gravestones are more than just markers; they are historical artifacts that provide valuable insights into the past. They tell stories of individuals, families, and communities. Often made of materials like marble, granite, or sandstone, they are vulnerable to the elements, biological growth, and improper cleaning techniques. Using the wrong methods can lead to irreversible damage, eroding inscriptions, weakening the stone, and accelerating its deterioration. Preservation, not just cleaning, should be the primary goal.

Step-by-Step Guide to Cleaning Gravestones

This guide provides a comprehensive approach to cleaning gravestones safely and effectively. Always start with the gentlest methods and gradually increase the intensity only if necessary.

Phase 1: Assessment and Preparation

Before you even think about touching the gravestone, carefully assess its condition. Look for:

• Type of Stone: Identify the material. Marble is softer than granite and requires more delicate handling. Sandstone is even more porous.
• Existing Damage: Note any cracks, chips, or loose pieces. Avoid putting pressure on these areas.
• Biological Growth: Observe the type and extent of moss, lichen, algae, or other biological growth.
• Accessibility: Is the gravestone easily accessible? Do you need to bring any tools or supplies to the site?

Next, gather your supplies. You will need:

• Soft Bristle Brush: A nylon or natural bristle brush, similar to those used for cleaning cars.
• Clean Water: Distilled or filtered water is preferred, as tap water can contain minerals that stain.
• Spray Bottle: For applying water.
• Wooden or Plastic Scrapers: Optional, for removing stubborn growth. Never use metal scrapers.
• D/2 Biological Solution (Recommended): A proven, non-ionic biodegradable cleaner specifically designed for gravestones. (See FAQ section)
• Gloves and Eye Protection: To protect yourself from potential irritants.

Phase 2: Gentle Cleaning

1. Wet the Stone: Gently saturate the gravestone with clean water using your spray bottle. This will loosen surface dirt and debris.
2. Brush Gently: Using the soft bristle brush, gently scrub the stone’s surface in a circular motion. Avoid applying excessive pressure.
3. Rinse Thoroughly: Rinse the gravestone thoroughly with clean water to remove any dislodged dirt and debris.
4. Repeat if Necessary: Repeat steps 2 and 3 if needed, but avoid over-scrubbing.

Phase 3: Addressing Biological Growth

If gentle cleaning doesn’t remove all the biological growth, you can use D/2 Biological Solution.

1. Apply D/2: Dilute D/2 according to the manufacturer’s instructions (usually a 1:5 ratio with water). Spray the solution onto the affected areas of the gravestone.
2. Wait: Allow the D/2 to sit on the stone for the recommended time (usually 5-10 minutes). Do not let it dry.
3. Gentle Scrubbing: Gently scrub the treated areas with the soft bristle brush to help loosen the biological growth.
4. Rinse Thoroughly: Rinse the gravestone thoroughly with clean water to remove all traces of the D/2 solution and dislodged growth.

Phase 4: Drying and Inspection

Allow the gravestone to air dry completely. This may take several hours, depending on the weather and the type of stone. Once dry, inspect the gravestone for any remaining dirt or biological growth. If necessary, you can repeat the cleaning process, focusing on stubborn areas. Remember that some staining may be permanent. Accept imperfections and focus on preservation.

Ethical Considerations and Permissions

Before cleaning any gravestone, consider the ethical implications.

• Respect: Treat the gravestone with reverence and respect.
• Permissions: Obtain permission from the cemetery or historical society before cleaning any gravestone. They may have specific guidelines or restrictions.
• Family Consultation: If possible, consult with family members of the deceased before cleaning their loved one’s gravestone.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

FAQ 1: What type of cleaning solutions should I never use?

Never use harsh chemicals such as bleach, ammonia, vinegar, or any abrasive cleaners. These can severely damage the stone and accelerate its deterioration. Power washers are also a definite no.

FAQ 2: What is D/2 Biological Solution and why is it recommended?

D/2 Biological Solution is a biodegradable, non-ionic cleaner specifically formulated for cleaning gravestones and other historical monuments. It effectively removes biological growth without damaging the stone. It is recommended by preservation professionals worldwide.

FAQ 3: Can I use a pressure washer to clean a gravestone?

Absolutely not. Pressure washers can erode the stone’s surface, damage inscriptions, and cause irreversible damage.

FAQ 4: How often should I clean a gravestone?

Cleaning should be done only when necessary and not on a regular schedule. Over-cleaning can be just as harmful as not cleaning at all. Usually every 2-3 years is sufficient if the stone has significant biological growth.

FAQ 5: What should I do if I find loose or crumbling pieces of stone?

Do not attempt to reattach loose pieces yourself. Contact a professional stone conservator for assistance. They have the expertise and materials to repair damaged stones safely and effectively.

FAQ 6: Can I use a metal brush to clean a gravestone?

Never use a metal brush. Metal brushes are abrasive and can scratch and damage the stone.

FAQ 7: What if the inscription is difficult to read?

Gently cleaning the stone may improve readability. However, if the inscription is severely eroded, consider consulting a professional for inscription repair or re-cutting.

FAQ 8: What if the gravestone is leaning or unstable?

Do not attempt to straighten a leaning or unstable gravestone yourself. This can be dangerous and could cause further damage. Contact a professional for assistance.

FAQ 9: How do I prevent biological growth from returning?

After cleaning, consider applying a biocide treatment specifically designed for gravestones. This will help prevent the return of biological growth. D/2 will continue to work for months after application and keep biological growth away.

FAQ 10: What is the best time of year to clean a gravestone?

The best time to clean a gravestone is during mild weather, ideally in the spring or fall. Avoid cleaning in extreme heat or cold.

FAQ 11: Can I use a toothbrush to clean small areas or details?

Yes, a soft-bristled toothbrush can be useful for cleaning small areas or intricate details. Just be sure to use it gently and avoid applying excessive pressure.

FAQ 12: Where can I find more information about gravestone preservation?

Contact your local historical society, preservation organization, or cemetery for more information about gravestone preservation. They can provide valuable resources and guidance. The Association for Gravestone Studies is a great online resource as well.

Cleaning gravestones is a labor of love and respect. By following these guidelines and using the right techniques, you can help preserve these important historical markers for generations to come. Remember that patience, caution, and knowledge are the keys to success.