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How to Catch River Salmon? Secrets from a Lifelong Guide

Catching river salmon requires a blend of knowledge, strategy, and respect for the fish and its environment. Mastering techniques like understanding river currents, choosing the right lure, and presenting it effectively are key to consistently landing these prized fighters.

Understanding the River Environment

Before even casting a line, a thorough understanding of the river is paramount. Salmon are not randomly distributed; they hold in specific areas offering refuge and access to migration routes.

Identifying Holding Water

Salmon seek out areas with reduced current where they can conserve energy while waiting to continue their upstream journey. Look for:

Seams: Where fast and slow currents meet. Salmon often lie in the slower water adjacent to the faster flow, darting out to intercept passing food.
Eddies: Circular currents created by obstructions like rocks or bends in the river. These provide excellent resting spots.
Deep Pools: Naturally, deeper sections of the river offer sanctuary and cooler temperatures.
Tailouts: The shallower, tapering end of a pool where it transitions into faster riffles. Salmon stage here before ascending the riffles.

Reading the Water

“Reading the water” is the art of interpreting surface conditions to deduce what’s happening beneath. Look for:

Surface Breaks: These indicate submerged rocks or logs that create current breaks.
Color Changes: Darker patches often signify deeper water.
Subtle Ripples: Can indicate the presence of fish holding near the surface.

Selecting the Right Gear

Having the appropriate gear is essential for success and ethical angling.

Rods and Reels

Rod Length: 9-11 foot rods are common, providing ample casting distance and control. Opt for a medium-heavy to heavy action rod to handle the powerful runs of salmon.
Reel Size: Choose a reel with a smooth drag system capable of holding a significant amount of line (200-300 yards of 20-30lb test). A high-quality drag is crucial for battling large salmon.
Line Type: Braided line is popular due to its low stretch and high sensitivity. Monofilament is another option, offering more stretch and shock absorption.

Lures, Baits, and Flies

The “right” lure depends on water conditions, time of year, and the salmon species being targeted.

Spoons: These wobbling metal lures are effective in a variety of conditions. Popular colors include silver, gold, copper, and combinations with red or orange.
Spinners: Rotating blades create flash and vibration that attract salmon. Similar color patterns to spoons are effective.
Plugs: Diving plugs can be trolled or back-trolled to cover water efficiently.
Baits: Salmon eggs, shrimp, and nightcrawlers can be very effective, especially in slower-moving water.
Flies: Swinging flies is a classic salmon fishing technique. Popular patterns include Intruders, Woolly Buggers, and egg-imitating flies.

Presentation Techniques

Presenting your lure or bait correctly is arguably the most critical factor in catching river salmon.

Casting Strategies

Upstream Casting: Cast upstream and allow your lure to drift naturally with the current, keeping a tight line.
Quartering Casts: Casting at a 45-degree angle upstream allows the lure to swing across the current, covering a wider area.
Back-Bouncing: Using weights to bounce your bait or lure along the bottom, targeting salmon holding in deep pools.

Drift Control

Mending Line: Throwing an upstream loop in your line to control the drift speed of your lure or bait. This allows it to sink to the desired depth and present naturally.
High-Sticking: Holding your rod tip high to keep your line off the water and reduce drag.

Fighting and Landing Salmon

Setting the Hook: A firm, upward sweep of the rod is necessary to set the hook properly.
Playing the Fish: Maintain constant pressure and let the salmon run when it needs to. Avoid horsing the fish, as this can lead to a lost fish or a broken line.
Landing: Use a large net to land the salmon quickly and efficiently. Handle the fish gently and release it promptly if you are practicing catch and release.

Ethical Considerations

Salmon populations are fragile. Practicing ethical angling is crucial for their long-term sustainability.

Know the Regulations: Be aware of all fishing regulations, including bag limits, size restrictions, and closed seasons.
Handle Fish Carefully: Minimize handling time and use wet hands to protect the fish’s slime coat.
Proper Gear: Use appropriately sized tackle to avoid unnecessarily tiring the fish.
Release Ethically: If releasing a fish, revive it by holding it gently in the water facing upstream until it regains its strength.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

FAQ 1: What time of year is best for salmon fishing?

The best time of year varies depending on the river and the salmon species. Generally, fall runs (September-November) are popular for Chinook and Coho salmon, while summer runs (June-August) offer opportunities for Sockeye and Pink salmon. Check local regulations for specific run timings.

FAQ 2: What water temperature is ideal for salmon?

Salmon generally prefer water temperatures between 45°F and 60°F (7°C and 15°C). They can become stressed in warmer temperatures.

FAQ 3: What is the best lure color for salmon in murky water?

In murky water, bright colors like fluorescent orange, chartreuse, and hot pink are highly effective. These colors provide better visibility for the salmon.

FAQ 4: How do I determine the right weight to use when back-bouncing?

The appropriate weight depends on the current speed and depth. Start with a weight that allows your lure or bait to bounce along the bottom without getting snagged too frequently. You may need to adjust the weight as the current changes.

FAQ 5: What is “mending line,” and why is it important?

Mending line is throwing an upstream loop in your line after casting. This slows the drift of your lure or bait, allowing it to sink to the desired depth and present more naturally to the salmon. It’s crucial for achieving the proper presentation.

FAQ 6: How do I avoid snagging my lure on the bottom?

Use lighter weights, and keep your rod tip high to lift your lure or bait over obstructions. Also, carefully study the riverbed and avoid casting into areas known to have heavy snags.

FAQ 7: What is the best knot to use for attaching my lure to my line?

The improved clinch knot and the Palomar knot are both strong and reliable knots for attaching lures to your line.

FAQ 8: How can I tell if a salmon is spawning or not?

Spawning salmon often exhibit bright colors (especially reds and oranges), hooked jaws, and frayed fins. They may also be actively digging redds (nests) in the gravel.

FAQ 9: Is it ethical to target spawning salmon?

Many anglers believe it is unethical to target actively spawning salmon, as it can disrupt their reproductive cycle. It is best to avoid fishing in areas where salmon are actively spawning.

FAQ 10: What should I do if I accidentally foul-hook a salmon?

If you accidentally foul-hook a salmon (hooking it in a location other than the mouth), release it immediately and as gently as possible.

FAQ 11: How important is scent to salmon fishing?

Scent can be a significant factor, especially in murky water or when using bait. Scent attractants or natural baits with strong odors can increase your chances of success.

FAQ 12: What is the best way to revive a salmon before releasing it?

Gently hold the salmon in the water facing upstream until it regains its strength and is able to swim away on its own. Make sure water flows over its gills. This provides oxygen and helps the fish recover.