How Long Is the Ohio River?
The Ohio River, a vital artery of the American Midwest, stretches approximately 981 miles (1,579 kilometers). This impressive waterway serves as a critical transportation corridor, a source of drinking water, and a natural boundary between several states.
Tracing the Course of the Mighty Ohio
The Ohio River’s journey begins at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. From there, it meanders westward and southwestward, eventually joining the Mississippi River at Cairo, Illinois. Its course defines state borders, influencing the geography and history of the region. Understanding its length and course is crucial to appreciating its significance.
Determining the Length: A Matter of Definition
While the accepted length is 981 miles, determining this figure isn’t as straightforward as simply measuring a line on a map. The river’s course has changed over time due to natural processes like erosion and sedimentation, as well as human interventions like channelization. Furthermore, the precise location of the Ohio River’s confluence with the Mississippi River can shift slightly depending on water levels. Therefore, the 981-mile figure represents a generally agreed-upon approximation based on modern surveying and accepted geographical conventions. It’s important to note that historical accounts might cite slightly different lengths based on earlier surveys and varying definitions of the river’s start and end points.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About the Ohio River
Here are some commonly asked questions that further explore the intricacies of the Ohio River:
FAQ 1: What States Does the Ohio River Border?
The Ohio River forms a significant portion of the borders of six states: Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois. While Pennsylvania is considered the starting point, these other states all share a border with the Ohio River at some point along its course. The river essentially acts as a natural boundary line.
FAQ 2: How Deep Is the Ohio River?
The depth of the Ohio River varies significantly depending on location and water level. On average, its navigable channel is maintained at a depth of at least 9 feet (2.7 meters) to accommodate commercial barge traffic. However, some deeper sections, particularly near dams, can reach depths of over 40 feet. During periods of drought, the river can become shallower, potentially impacting navigation.
FAQ 3: Is the Ohio River Navigable?
Yes, the Ohio River is a highly navigable waterway. A system of locks and dams, built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, maintains a consistent water level and facilitates the passage of large commercial vessels. This infrastructure is vital for transporting goods and materials throughout the region. The river supports a significant amount of barge traffic, carrying commodities like coal, grain, and petroleum.
FAQ 4: What are the Major Cities Located Along the Ohio River?
Several major cities thrive along the banks of the Ohio River. These include Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Cincinnati, Ohio; Louisville, Kentucky; Evansville, Indiana; and Wheeling, West Virginia. These cities owe much of their historical and economic development to their proximity to the river, which has served as a crucial transportation route for centuries.
FAQ 5: What is the Source of the Ohio River?
The Ohio River is formed by the confluence of the Allegheny River and the Monongahela River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Neither river is considered the true “source” in the traditional sense, as the Ohio River is technically created by their merger. The headwaters of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers are located further upstream.
FAQ 6: What is the Mouth of the Ohio River?
The mouth of the Ohio River is located at its confluence with the Mississippi River in Cairo, Illinois. This meeting point marks the end of the Ohio River’s journey and the beginning of its contribution to the larger Mississippi River system.
FAQ 7: How Has the Ohio River Been Used Historically?
Historically, the Ohio River has been a vital waterway for transportation, commerce, and settlement. Native American tribes used it for travel and trade long before European colonization. During the colonial era and the westward expansion of the United States, the Ohio River served as a major route for pioneers and settlers moving westward. It played a significant role in the transportation of goods and the development of industries along its banks.
FAQ 8: What Environmental Concerns Affect the Ohio River?
The Ohio River faces several environmental challenges, including pollution from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and urban stormwater. These pollutants can impact water quality, harm aquatic life, and threaten the river’s recreational uses. Efforts are underway to improve water quality and address these environmental concerns through regulations, conservation programs, and remediation projects.
FAQ 9: What is the Drainage Basin of the Ohio River?
The Ohio River’s drainage basin, also known as its watershed, encompasses a vast area of approximately 204,000 square miles (528,000 square kilometers). This area includes portions of 15 states, from New York to Mississippi, all draining into the Ohio River system.
FAQ 10: What are Some Popular Recreational Activities on the Ohio River?
The Ohio River offers a variety of recreational opportunities, including boating, fishing, kayaking, and swimming (though water quality varies by location). Riverfront parks and trails provide opportunities for hiking, biking, and picnicking. Many communities host river festivals and events throughout the year, celebrating the river’s importance to the region.
FAQ 11: How Does the Ohio River Contribute to the Economy?
The Ohio River is a significant contributor to the regional economy, supporting industries such as shipping, manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism. The river’s navigability allows for the efficient transportation of bulk commodities, reducing transportation costs for businesses. The river also provides water for industrial processes and agricultural irrigation.
FAQ 12: How Is the Ohio River Managed and Protected?
The Ohio River is managed and protected by a variety of federal, state, and local agencies. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for maintaining the river’s navigability through the operation of locks and dams. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets water quality standards and regulations. State environmental agencies enforce these regulations and implement programs to protect the river’s water quality. Organizations like the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) also play a crucial role in coordinating efforts to improve water quality and manage the river’s resources.
Conclusion: The Enduring Legacy of the Ohio River
The Ohio River, at approximately 981 miles long, is more than just a waterway; it’s a defining feature of the American landscape. From its beginnings in Pittsburgh to its confluence with the Mississippi in Cairo, the Ohio River continues to shape the economy, environment, and culture of the region it traverses. Understanding its length, its history, and the challenges it faces is essential to appreciating its enduring legacy and ensuring its continued importance for generations to come.