How Do You Fix a Radon Problem?

The most effective way to fix a radon problem is to install a radon mitigation system, which actively removes radon gas from beneath your home and vents it safely outside. These systems typically involve sub-slab depressurization, preventing radon from entering the building in the first place.

Understanding Radon and Its Dangers

Radon is a naturally occurring, odorless, colorless, and tasteless radioactive gas that forms from the decay of uranium in soil, rock, and water. It’s the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States, responsible for an estimated 21,000 deaths each year. Unlike other environmental toxins, you can’t see, smell, or taste radon, making testing the only way to determine if it’s present in your home. Because radon enters homes through cracks and openings in the foundation, mitigation is key for long-term health.

Radon Mitigation Systems: The Primary Solution

The most common and effective method for fixing a radon problem is the installation of a radon mitigation system. These systems are designed to actively remove radon gas from beneath the building’s foundation before it can enter the living spaces. The specific type of system used will depend on the construction of your home, radon levels, and local building codes.

Sub-Slab Depressurization (SSD)

Sub-Slab Depressurization (SSD) is the most widely used and highly effective radon mitigation technique. Here’s how it works:

1. Sealing: Cracks and other openings in the foundation are sealed to prevent radon from entering through them.
2. Suction Pit: A small pit is dug beneath the concrete slab foundation, typically in a basement or crawl space.
3. PVC Pipe: A PVC pipe is inserted into the pit and run outside the building.
4. Fan: A continuously operating fan is installed in the PVC pipe, usually in the attic or on an exterior wall. This fan creates a negative pressure beneath the slab, drawing radon gas up through the pipe.
5. Venting: The radon gas is vented safely above the roofline, where it is diluted and dispersed into the atmosphere.

SSD systems can reduce radon levels by up to 99%. They are generally reliable and require minimal maintenance.

Other Mitigation Techniques

While SSD is the most common, other mitigation techniques may be used depending on the specific circumstances:

• Sub-Membrane Depressurization (SMD): Used in crawl spaces with a dirt floor, this involves covering the crawl space with a heavy-duty plastic sheet and creating negative pressure beneath the sheet.
• Drain Tile Depressurization (DTD): Effective when the home has a perimeter drain tile system. It involves creating suction on the drain tile to remove radon.
• Block Wall Depressurization (BWD): Used for homes with hollow block foundation walls. It involves creating suction within the hollow blocks to remove radon.
• House Pressurization: Though less common, this method involves using a fan to create positive pressure inside the house, preventing radon from entering. This is generally less effective than depressurization methods.

The Radon Mitigation Process: A Step-by-Step Guide

1. Testing: Conduct a radon test to determine the radon level in your home. Short-term tests provide quick results, while long-term tests offer a more accurate average.
2. Consultation: Contact a certified radon mitigation professional. They will assess your home’s construction and radon levels to determine the most appropriate mitigation system.
3. System Design: The mitigation professional will design a system tailored to your home’s specific needs. This includes determining the location of the suction pit, pipe routing, and fan placement.
4. Installation: The mitigation system will be installed by the certified professional. This typically takes a few hours to a day.
5. Post-Mitigation Testing: After the system is installed, a post-mitigation radon test is conducted to ensure the system is effectively reducing radon levels below the EPA’s action level of 4 pCi/L (picocuries per liter).
6. Maintenance: Regularly monitor the system’s manometer (if equipped) to ensure the fan is functioning correctly. Most fans have a lifespan of 5-10 years and may need to be replaced periodically.

FAQs: Your Radon Questions Answered

Here are some frequently asked questions about radon mitigation:

What is the EPA’s action level for radon?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that homes be mitigated if the radon level is 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) or higher.

How much does radon mitigation cost?

The cost of radon mitigation varies depending on the size and construction of your home, and the type of system required. However, a typical system can range from $800 to $2,500.

Can I install a radon mitigation system myself?

While DIY radon mitigation kits are available, it is strongly recommended to hire a certified radon mitigation professional. They have the knowledge, experience, and equipment to properly design and install a system that will effectively reduce radon levels. Improper installation can be ineffective and even dangerous.

How long does a radon mitigation system last?

A well-maintained radon mitigation system can last for many years. The fan is the most likely component to require replacement, typically after 5-10 years of continuous operation.

Will a radon mitigation system affect my home’s value?

Generally, a radon mitigation system can increase your home’s value by providing a safer and healthier living environment. It demonstrates that you have addressed a potential health hazard and can be a selling point for prospective buyers.

What are the potential side effects of radon mitigation?

The most common side effects are minor changes to the home’s aesthetics (e.g., the presence of PVC piping). Some systems may also slightly increase energy consumption due to the continuously operating fan. A well-designed system minimizes these effects.

How often should I test for radon?

It is recommended to test your home for radon every two years, especially if you live in an area known for high radon levels. You should also retest after making any significant renovations or alterations to your home’s foundation.

Does radon mitigation affect energy efficiency?

A poorly installed or maintained system can potentially affect energy efficiency by increasing air leakage. However, a properly installed and maintained system should have minimal impact on energy consumption.

Can I ventilate my home to reduce radon levels?

While increased ventilation can temporarily lower radon levels, it is not a reliable or sustainable solution for a serious radon problem. It also increases energy consumption, especially during colder months.

Are some homes more prone to radon problems than others?

Yes. Homes built on soil with high uranium content are more likely to have radon problems. Homes with cracks or other openings in the foundation are also more susceptible. However, any home can have a radon problem, regardless of its age or construction type.

Where can I find a certified radon mitigation professional?

You can find a certified radon mitigation professional through the National Radon Proficiency Program (NRPP) or the American Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists (AARST) websites.

What happens if I don’t fix a radon problem?

Ignoring a radon problem significantly increases your risk of developing lung cancer. The higher the radon level and the longer you are exposed, the greater the risk. Mitigation is a relatively simple and cost-effective way to protect your health and the health of your family.