Do You Bury Air Roots When Repotting Orchids?

No, generally, you should not bury aerial roots when repotting orchids. Aerial roots are specialized structures that orchids develop to absorb moisture and nutrients from the air, and burying them can suffocate them, leading to rot. However, there are nuances and specific situations where gently accommodating them within the potting mix is acceptable or even beneficial.

Understanding Orchid Roots: Aerial vs. Potting

Before delving into repotting specifics, it’s crucial to differentiate between the two types of roots orchids develop: aerial roots and potting roots.

• Aerial Roots: These roots are designed to grow in the air. They are typically thicker, covered in a velamen, a spongy, multi-layered tissue that efficiently absorbs moisture from humidity, rain, and even dew. The velamen also provides structural support for the plant. When exposed to light, aerial roots can even perform limited photosynthesis. These are the roots you often see extending out of the pot.

• Potting Roots: These roots grow within the potting mix. They are generally thinner and more numerous than aerial roots. Their primary function is to anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the potting medium. While they also possess velamen, it is not as highly developed as in aerial roots.

The Dangers of Burying Aerial Roots

The key reason to avoid burying aerial roots lies in their adaptation to an airy environment. Burying these roots in the moist, compact conditions of a potting mix can lead to root rot. The velamen, designed for intermittent moisture exposure, can become waterlogged in the consistently damp environment of the potting mix, creating a breeding ground for fungal and bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, the lack of air circulation around the roots can deprive them of the oxygen they need to function properly, ultimately causing them to decay.

Exceptions and Considerations

While generally discouraged, there are exceptions to the rule.

• Young Plants: With very young orchids, the distinction between aerial and potting roots might not be as pronounced. If a young plant has a small number of aerial roots, gently guiding them into the potting mix during repotting is usually acceptable, especially if the mix is airy and well-draining.

• Existing Potting Roots: If a large number of “aerial” roots have already grown into the pot during the orchid’s previous life, it’s best not to rip these from the medium. It’s more harmful to injure existing roots that are functioning than to leave them be.

• High Humidity Environments: In exceptionally humid environments, burying a small portion of the aerial roots might not be detrimental, as the air circulation will be better and the risk of root rot is lessened. However, even in these conditions, prioritizing proper drainage is crucial.

• Root Health: Before deciding whether to bury a root or not, examine it closely. Is it healthy and plump, or does it look withered or diseased? Healthy roots are more likely to adapt.

Best Practices for Repotting Orchids

When repotting orchids, focus on creating an environment that mimics their natural habitat.

1. Choose the Right Potting Mix: Select a well-draining mix specifically formulated for orchids. Common ingredients include bark, moss, perlite, and charcoal.
2. Select an Appropriate Pot: Choose a pot that is only slightly larger than the previous one. Good drainage is essential.
3. Handle Roots Carefully: Gently remove the orchid from its old pot, being careful not to damage the roots. Remove as much of the old potting mix as possible.
4. Placement of Aerial Roots: Position the plant in the new pot, allowing the aerial roots to remain above the potting mix. If some roots naturally want to curl back down into the pot, that’s usually alright, but don’t force them.
5. Water Sparingly: Avoid overwatering, especially in the weeks following repotting. Allow the potting mix to dry slightly between waterings.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

FAQ 1: What happens if I accidentally bury some aerial roots?

Monitor the buried roots closely for signs of rot, such as softening, discoloration, or a foul odor. If you suspect rot, carefully remove the affected root(s) with a sterilized cutting tool. Improve air circulation around the plant and reduce watering frequency.

FAQ 2: My orchid has a lot of aerial roots. Is that a problem?

No, it’s not necessarily a problem. It simply indicates that the orchid is actively searching for moisture and nutrients. It can also be a sign that the potting mix is deteriorating or the plant is getting too little water from its substrate.

FAQ 3: Can I cut off aerial roots that are bothering me?

While you can cut off aerial roots, it’s generally not recommended unless they are dead or diseased. Trimming healthy roots can stress the plant and potentially introduce pathogens. If you must trim, use sterilized pruning shears and seal the cut end with a fungicide.

FAQ 4: What is velamen, and why is it important?

Velamen is the spongy, multi-layered outer tissue that covers orchid roots, particularly aerial roots. It is crucial for absorbing water and nutrients from the air and providing structural support. It also protects the inner tissues of the root.

FAQ 5: How often should I water my orchid after repotting?

Watering frequency depends on the type of orchid, the potting mix, the humidity, and the temperature. Generally, allow the potting mix to dry slightly between waterings. Overwatering is a common cause of orchid death.

FAQ 6: What are the signs of root rot in orchids?

Signs of root rot include soft, mushy roots that are brown or black in color. The leaves may also turn yellow or droop. A foul odor emanating from the potting mix is another indicator.

FAQ 7: Can I use regular potting soil for orchids?

No. Never use regular potting soil for orchids. Regular potting soil retains too much moisture and will suffocate the roots, leading to root rot. Orchids require a well-draining mix specifically formulated for their needs.

FAQ 8: What type of pot is best for orchids?

Pots with good drainage are essential. Clay pots are porous and allow for excellent air circulation, but plastic pots retain moisture better, which can be beneficial in drier environments. Clear plastic pots allow you to monitor root health.

FAQ 9: My aerial roots are turning brown. What should I do?

If the aerial roots are turning brown and shriveled, it could indicate that the orchid is not receiving enough moisture. Increase humidity by misting the roots regularly or placing the plant on a humidity tray. If the roots are mushy, it indicates root rot from overwatering.

FAQ 10: Can I encourage aerial roots to grow?

Yes, you can encourage aerial root growth by providing high humidity and good air circulation. Misting the roots regularly and ensuring adequate ventilation will promote healthy root development.

FAQ 11: What do I do if my orchid has no aerial roots?

It’s not uncommon for some orchids to have few or no visible aerial roots, particularly if they are grown in very humid environments. This doesn’t necessarily indicate a problem. Focus on providing proper watering, fertilization, and light. If there are no healthy potting roots either, you should consider repotting into an orchid-appropriate medium.

FAQ 12: Is there a difference in care between orchids with lots of aerial roots and those with few?

Yes, orchids with a lot of aerial roots might benefit from slightly more frequent misting to keep the roots hydrated, especially in drier environments. However, both types require the same basic care principles of well-draining potting mix, proper watering, and adequate light. The key is to observe your plant and adjust your care routine accordingly.