Do Snake Plants Help Purify the Air? A Deep Dive
Yes, snake plants ( Sansevieria trifasciata) do contribute to air purification, albeit to a lesser extent than some believe. While their ability to remove toxins is scientifically proven, their overall impact in a typical home environment is more modest and should be considered one component of a comprehensive approach to improving indoor air quality.
Understanding the Science Behind Air Purification
The belief in snake plants’ air-purifying abilities stems primarily from a 1989 NASA Clean Air Study. This research investigated the potential for houseplants to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from sealed chambers, aiming to improve air quality in space stations. The study showed that snake plants, among others, were effective in absorbing certain VOCs like formaldehyde, benzene, xylene, toluene, and trichloroethylene.
However, it’s crucial to understand the context of this study. The concentrations of VOCs used were much higher than those typically found in homes, and the plants were in closed, controlled environments. Transferring these findings directly to a real-world home scenario requires careful consideration.
The Process of VOC Removal
Snake plants purify the air through a two-step process. First, they absorb VOCs through their leaves. Then, these toxins are transported to the roots, where they are broken down by microorganisms in the soil. These microorganisms effectively biodegrade the VOCs, converting them into less harmful substances.
The Importance of Photosynthesis
Like all plants, snake plants perform photosynthesis. During this process, they absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) and release oxygen. Uniquely, snake plants use a specialized process called Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM), which allows them to open their stomata (pores) at night to absorb CO2 and close them during the day to conserve water. This makes them particularly efficient at producing oxygen at night, potentially improving sleep quality.
Putting Air Purification into Perspective
While snake plants do remove toxins, the amount they can remove compared to the volume of air in a typical room is relatively small. Studies suggest you would need a significant number of snake plants per square foot to achieve a noticeable impact on air quality solely from the plants themselves. Other factors, like ventilation, air filtration, and source control (removing or reducing the sources of VOCs), play a more significant role in maintaining healthy indoor air.
Source Control: A Key Factor
Many household items, such as paints, cleaning supplies, furniture, and building materials, release VOCs. Addressing these sources directly by choosing low-VOC alternatives or improving ventilation during and after using these products is often more effective than relying solely on plants for air purification.
Supplementing with Other Methods
Instead of viewing snake plants as a primary air purifier, consider them as a complementary tool. Combine them with other strategies, such as opening windows regularly, using an air purifier with a HEPA filter, and minimizing the use of products that release VOCs.
FAQs About Snake Plants and Air Purification
Here are some frequently asked questions to further clarify the role of snake plants in improving air quality:
FAQ 1: How many snake plants do I need to purify the air in my home?
There’s no definitive answer, as it depends on the size of your home, the concentration of VOCs, and other environmental factors. However, a commonly cited suggestion is one snake plant per 100 square feet. Remember, this is a guideline, and other air purification methods are equally, if not more, important.
FAQ 2: Are snake plants better than other air-purifying plants?
Snake plants are good air purifiers, but so are many other plants! Their CAM photosynthesis makes them particularly good at producing oxygen at night. Other effective air-purifying plants include spider plants, peace lilies, and English ivy. Choose plants based on your personal preferences, light conditions, and care requirements.
FAQ 3: Do snake plants remove mold from the air?
While snake plants can help to improve air quality, they don’t specifically remove mold spores from the air. Mold requires moisture to grow, so controlling humidity levels is crucial for preventing mold growth. An air purifier with a HEPA filter can help to capture airborne mold spores.
FAQ 4: How do I care for my snake plant to maximize its air-purifying potential?
Proper care is essential for a healthy snake plant that can effectively contribute to air purification. Ensure adequate but not excessive watering, provide bright, indirect light, and occasionally wipe the leaves to remove dust and allow for optimal absorption of VOCs.
FAQ 5: Do snake plants help with allergies?
Snake plants do not directly eliminate allergens from the air. However, by reducing VOCs that can irritate the respiratory system, they may indirectly alleviate some allergy symptoms. HEPA filters remain the most effective method for removing allergens like pollen and pet dander.
FAQ 6: Are snake plants safe for pets and children?
Snake plants are mildly toxic if ingested. They contain saponins, which can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Keep them out of reach of pets and small children, or consider alternative air-purifying methods.
FAQ 7: What VOCs do snake plants remove most effectively?
The NASA study showed snake plants effectively remove formaldehyde, benzene, xylene, toluene, and trichloroethylene. These VOCs are commonly found in household products and building materials.
FAQ 8: How often should I replace the soil in my snake plant?
Repotting every 1-2 years is generally sufficient. This allows you to refresh the soil, provide new nutrients, and ensure adequate drainage.
FAQ 9: Can I use artificial light to help my snake plant purify the air?
Yes, snake plants can thrive under artificial light. Using a grow light can supplement natural light and ensure the plant receives enough energy for photosynthesis and air purification.
FAQ 10: Do snake plants purify the air even if they are small?
Yes, even smaller snake plants contribute to air purification, albeit on a smaller scale. As the plant grows larger, its ability to remove VOCs and produce oxygen increases.
FAQ 11: Are all types of snake plants equally effective at purifying air?
While specific studies comparing different Sansevieria varieties are limited, the primary air-purifying mechanism relies on the plant’s ability to absorb VOCs through its leaves and the microbial activity in the soil. It is unlikely that significant differences exist in effectiveness between common varieties like Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue) and Sansevieria cylindrica.
FAQ 12: Where is the best place to put a snake plant in my home for optimal air purification?
Place snake plants in areas where VOCs are likely to be concentrated, such as bedrooms (for nighttime oxygen production), living rooms (where furniture and fabrics can release VOCs), and near newly painted surfaces or furniture. Also, remember to place them in locations where they receive appropriate light levels.