Do Animals Eat Boxwoods? Understanding the Risks and Realities
Do animals eat boxwoods? The answer is a qualified yes. While boxwoods are generally considered deer-resistant, they are not entirely immune to animal browsing, especially when other food sources are scarce.
The Appeal (or Lack Thereof) of Boxwoods to Wildlife
Boxwoods, prized for their evergreen foliage and formal appearance, are a common landscaping choice. However, their inherent toxicity makes them less palatable to many animals. This inherent toxicity stems from alkaloids present in the leaves and stems. The level of these toxins varies between different boxwood varieties.
Boxwoods and Deer: A Complicated Relationship
Deer are often the primary concern for gardeners when it comes to boxwood damage. While boxwoods are often labeled as deer-resistant, this doesn’t mean they are deer-proof. In areas with high deer populations or during harsh winters when other food sources are limited, deer may resort to browsing on boxwoods. The severity of the browsing varies depending on several factors including:
- Deer Population Density: Higher deer populations increase the likelihood of browsing.
- Food Availability: Scarce food sources make boxwoods more appealing.
- Boxwood Variety: Some varieties are more palatable than others.
- Regional Variations: Deer behavior can vary regionally.
Other Animals That Might Nibble on Boxwoods
While deer are the most significant threat, other animals might occasionally sample boxwoods, though less frequently. These include:
- Rabbits: Rabbits can nibble on lower branches, especially young plants.
- Voles: Voles might damage the roots and lower stems.
- Livestock: Goats and sheep will readily eat boxwoods if given access.
Identifying Animal Damage on Boxwoods
Knowing what type of animal is damaging your boxwoods can help you implement targeted control measures.
| Type of Damage | Likely Culprit | Description |
|---|---|---|
| —————- | ————– | —————————————————- |
| Ragged Leaf Edges | Deer | Leaves appear torn or ripped, often higher up the plant. |
| Clean Cuts | Rabbits | Branches appear neatly clipped, usually lower down. |
| Girdled Stems | Voles | Bark is chewed away around the base of the plant. |
Protecting Your Boxwoods from Animal Damage
Several strategies can protect your boxwoods from unwanted attention:
- Physical Barriers: Fencing, netting, or burlap wraps can deter deer and rabbits.
- Repellents: Commercial deer and rabbit repellents can be sprayed on the foliage. Reapply after rain.
- Planting Location: Choosing less accessible locations can reduce browsing pressure.
- Companion Planting: Certain plants, like strongly scented herbs, can deter deer.
- Live Trapping & Relocation: Check local regulations before considering this.
- Remove attractants: Take away bird feeders, fallen fruit, and other sources that may attract herbivores.
Considerations for Livestock
If you keep livestock such as goats or sheep, never allow them access to boxwoods. Their browsing habits and lower browsing selectivity will cause them to consume the entire plant, and boxwoods are toxic to livestock.
Boxwood Toxicity: What You Need to Know
Boxwoods contain alkaloids that can cause gastrointestinal distress in animals. While the amount of toxins varies between varieties, it’s best to prevent any consumption. The symptoms of boxwood poisoning include:
- Salivation
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
If you suspect your pet or livestock has ingested boxwood, contact your veterinarian immediately.
Frequently Asked Questions About Animals Eating Boxwoods
Why do deer sometimes eat boxwoods even though they are considered deer-resistant?
Deer resistance is not deer proof. During times of food scarcity, such as harsh winters or droughts, deer may be forced to consume less desirable plants like boxwoods. High deer populations also increase the likelihood of them browsing. Think of it as survival mode kicking in.
Are some boxwood varieties more susceptible to animal damage than others?
Yes, some varieties are more palatable to deer and other animals. For example, English Boxwood is often reported to be more susceptible to deer browsing than Japanese Boxwood. Consider planting less palatable varieties if deer pressure is high in your area.
What is the best type of fence to protect boxwoods from deer?
An effective deer fence should be at least 8 feet tall to prevent deer from jumping over it. Woven wire or plastic mesh fencing are good options. Make sure the bottom is securely anchored to prevent deer from crawling under.
Do deer repellents really work, and how often should I apply them?
Deer repellents can be effective, but their effectiveness varies. Repellents work by either smelling or tasting bad to deer. Reapply them after rain or snow and at least monthly during periods of active deer browsing.
Will planting other plants around my boxwoods help deter deer?
Yes, certain plants, such as lavender, rosemary, and other strongly scented herbs, can help deter deer. These plants act as a natural repellent, making the boxwoods less attractive.
How can I tell if voles are damaging my boxwoods?
Voles create shallow tunnels in the ground, often near the base of plants. You might notice girdled stems (bark chewed away) near the soil line. Control vole populations with traps or by removing ground cover that provides them with shelter.
Are boxwoods poisonous to dogs and cats?
Yes, boxwoods are considered poisonous to dogs and cats. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Seek veterinary care if your pet has ingested boxwood.
What should I do if I see deer eating my boxwoods?
The first step is to identify the extent of the damage. Then, take action by installing physical barriers, applying repellents, or both. Monitor the boxwoods regularly and reapply repellents as needed.
Is it safe to prune damaged branches off my boxwoods?
Yes, prune damaged branches to promote healthy growth. Use clean, sharp pruning shears. Make sure to dispose of the pruned branches properly to prevent the spread of any diseases.
Can I use homemade deer repellents on my boxwoods?
Some gardeners have success with homemade deer repellents, such as mixtures of egg yolk, garlic, or hot peppers. However, these repellents may not be as effective as commercial products and need to be applied more frequently.
What is the best time of year to protect my boxwoods from animal damage?
The best time to protect boxwoods from animal damage is year-round, especially in areas with high deer populations. Focus your efforts during the fall and winter months when food sources are scarce.
How long do boxwoods live, and will animal damage shorten their lifespan?
Boxwoods can live for decades, even centuries, with proper care. Severe and repeated animal damage can weaken the plant, making it more susceptible to disease and ultimately shortening its lifespan. Protecting your boxwoods from animal damage is essential for their long-term health and survival.