Can You Mix Diatomaceous Earth With Water? A Deep Dive
Yes, you can mix diatomaceous earth (DE) with water, but understanding the purpose and potential limitations is crucial. The result and effectiveness depend heavily on the type of DE and its intended use.
Understanding Diatomaceous Earth: A Foundation
Before exploring the nuances of mixing DE with water, let’s establish a firm understanding of what DE is and its primary applications. DE is derived from the fossilized remains of diatoms, single-celled aquatic algae. These diatoms possess intricate, silica-rich cell walls. After their death, these walls accumulate, forming sedimentary deposits that are mined and processed into diatomaceous earth.
There are two main types of DE: food-grade and filter-grade (also called pool-grade). It is absolutely critical to understand the differences between the two and ensure you are using the correct type for your intended purpose.
Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth
Food-grade DE is primarily used as an insecticide and dewormer for livestock and, increasingly, as a purported dietary supplement for humans (though scientific evidence supporting its efficacy as a supplement is limited). It’s considered safe for ingestion by animals and humans in specified quantities, provided it is indeed food-grade and contains a low percentage of crystalline silica.
Filter-Grade Diatomaceous Earth
Filter-grade DE, also known as pool-grade DE, is calcined, meaning it has been heated to extremely high temperatures. This process alters its structure, increasing its crystalline silica content. Filter-grade DE is NOT safe for ingestion or internal use and is primarily used in filtration systems, like those found in swimming pools. Its higher crystalline silica content poses a significant inhalation hazard.
Mixing DE with Water: Applications and Considerations
The effectiveness of mixing DE with water varies greatly depending on the type of DE used and the specific application.
Insect Control
Mixing food-grade DE with water creates a slurry that can be sprayed onto plants to combat insects. The water acts as a carrier, allowing the DE to adhere to the plant’s surface. As the water evaporates, a thin layer of DE remains, providing a protective barrier against crawling insects. The abrasive nature of the DE damages the insects’ exoskeletons, leading to dehydration and death.
However, this method has limitations. Rain or watering will wash away the DE, requiring reapplication. Furthermore, the effectiveness of wet DE is significantly reduced compared to dry DE. The DE needs to be dry to effectively abrade the insect’s exoskeleton.
Soil Amendment
Some gardeners advocate mixing DE with water and then applying it to the soil as a soil amendment. The rationale is that the DE can improve soil drainage and aeration. While DE can indeed improve soil structure, simply mixing it with water and applying it is often not the most effective method. A better approach is to incorporate dry DE directly into the soil during planting or amendment.
Internal Use (Food-Grade DE Only)
While some people consume food-grade DE mixed with water as a dietary supplement, it is crucial to emphasize that scientific evidence supporting health claims associated with DE ingestion is limited. If you choose to consume food-grade DE, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional first and adhere to recommended dosage guidelines.
Cautions and Safety Precautions
Regardless of the application, it is essential to handle DE with care. Always wear a dust mask when working with DE, especially in its dry form, to avoid inhaling the fine particles. Inhalation can cause respiratory irritation and, over prolonged exposure, may lead to silicosis, a lung disease.
Never ingest filter-grade (pool-grade) DE. It is toxic and can cause serious health problems. Keep DE out of reach of children and pets.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
FAQ 1: What is the best ratio of DE to water for spraying plants?
A good starting point is to mix 1-2 tablespoons of food-grade DE per gallon of water. Ensure the DE is thoroughly mixed and that you are using a sprayer that won’t clog. Adjust the ratio as needed based on your observations and the specific insect infestation.
FAQ 2: How often should I reapply DE after rain?
Reapplication frequency depends on the intensity and duration of the rain. Generally, reapply DE after any significant rainfall or watering, as the water will wash it away. Check the treated areas regularly and reapply as needed to maintain a protective barrier.
FAQ 3: Can I use filter-grade DE on my plants?
No, never use filter-grade DE on your plants or in your garden. It is not intended for agricultural use and can be harmful to the environment and potentially toxic if ingested by animals or humans.
FAQ 4: Does DE kill beneficial insects?
Yes, DE can harm beneficial insects as well as pests. Therefore, it’s best to apply DE strategically, targeting specific areas where pests are present. Avoid broad-spectrum applications that could indiscriminately kill beneficial insects like bees and ladybugs. Consider using DE in enclosed areas or on specific plants to minimize its impact on beneficial insects.
FAQ 5: Is DE harmful to pets?
Food-grade DE is generally considered safe for pets when used externally for flea and tick control or internally as a dewormer, following recommended dosages. However, filter-grade DE is toxic to pets and should never be ingested or come into contact with their skin. Always consult with a veterinarian before administering DE to your pets.
FAQ 6: How long does it take for DE to kill insects?
DE typically kills insects within 24 to 72 hours after they come into contact with it. The exact time frame depends on the size of the insect, the amount of DE they encounter, and the environmental conditions.
FAQ 7: Can DE be used as a natural flea treatment for my home?
Yes, food-grade DE can be used as a natural flea treatment for your home. Sprinkle a thin layer of DE on carpets, pet bedding, and other areas where fleas may be present. Leave it for a few days, then vacuum thoroughly. Be sure to wear a dust mask during application and vacuuming.
FAQ 8: Where can I buy food-grade diatomaceous earth?
Food-grade DE is available at many garden centers, farm supply stores, and online retailers. Always check the label to ensure that you are purchasing food-grade DE and that it is specifically intended for the purpose you intend to use it for.
FAQ 9: Can DE be used to control ants?
Yes, DE can be effective in controlling ants. Sprinkle DE around ant hills and along their trails. The DE will disrupt their exoskeletons, leading to dehydration and death.
FAQ 10: What are the long-term effects of using DE?
Long-term exposure to DE dust can potentially lead to respiratory problems, particularly silicosis. Always wear a dust mask when handling DE to minimize inhalation. There are limited studies on the long-term effects of ingesting food-grade DE, so caution is advised.
FAQ 11: Can DE be used in hydroponic systems?
While some people experiment with using DE in hydroponic systems, it’s generally not recommended. The fine particles of DE can clog hydroponic systems and potentially disrupt nutrient uptake.
FAQ 12: How should I store diatomaceous earth?
Store DE in a dry, airtight container in a cool, dry place. This will prevent it from clumping or becoming contaminated with moisture. Keep it out of reach of children and pets.
By understanding the properties, applications, and safety precautions associated with diatomaceous earth, you can effectively utilize this versatile substance while minimizing potential risks. Remember to always prioritize safety and consult with professionals when in doubt.