Can I Burn Coal in My Wood Burning Stove? A Comprehensive Guide
The short answer is no, generally you should not burn coal in a wood burning stove. While it might be physically possible in some cases, it’s highly discouraged due to safety hazards, potential damage to your stove, and regulatory concerns. Let’s delve into why this seemingly simple question has such a complex and serious answer.
Why Burning Coal in a Wood Stove is a Bad Idea
Burning coal in a wood stove, designed specifically for wood, presents a multitude of problems. The critical difference lies in the combustion characteristics and temperature requirements of the two fuels. Wood burns at a lower temperature than coal, and wood stoves are built accordingly.
The Dangers of Overheating
Coal burns much hotter than wood. A wood stove attempting to burn coal will likely overheat, which can lead to:
- Stove Damage: Overheating can warp or crack the firebox, chimney, or other vital stove components. This requires costly repairs or even complete stove replacement.
- Chimney Fires: Coal produces more creosote than wood, and the higher temperatures can ignite this creosote in the chimney, causing a dangerous chimney fire.
- Structural Fire: The intense heat can radiate through the stove and ignite nearby combustible materials, leading to a house fire.
- Damage to Components: Coal burning often causes issues such as cracked or warped baffle plates, damaged firebricks, and degraded stove door gaskets.
Emissions and Air Quality
Burning coal releases significantly more pollutants into the atmosphere than burning wood. These pollutants include:
- Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A major contributor to acid rain and respiratory problems.
- Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Contribute to smog and respiratory irritation.
- Particulate Matter (PM): Fine particles that can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing serious health problems.
- Carbon Monoxide (CO): A deadly, odorless, colorless gas. While wood burning also produces CO, coal combustion can produce higher levels, particularly if the stove is not properly ventilated.
Wood stoves are not designed to handle the high levels of these pollutants produced by coal, leading to increased environmental impact and potential health risks.
Legal and Warranty Issues
- Regulations: Many areas have regulations prohibiting the burning of coal in wood stoves due to environmental concerns. Check your local and state regulations.
- Warranty Voidance: Burning coal in a wood stove will almost certainly void the manufacturer’s warranty. These stoves are designed and tested specifically for wood fuel, and using coal constitutes misuse.
The Exception: Coal Stoves
Dedicated coal stoves are specifically designed to withstand the higher temperatures and corrosive byproducts of coal combustion. These stoves typically feature:
- Heavier Construction: Built with thicker steel or cast iron to withstand the intense heat.
- Grate Systems: Equipped with a grate system to allow ash to fall through, promoting efficient burning and airflow.
- Ash Pans: Include a dedicated ash pan for easy ash removal.
- Air Intake Controls: Feature precise air intake controls to manage the higher combustion temperatures of coal.
- Different Chimney Requirements: May require a different type of chimney liner designed to withstand the corrosive byproducts of coal.
It’s crucial to use the correct type of stove for the fuel you intend to burn.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
FAQ 1: What is the difference between anthracite and bituminous coal?
Anthracite coal, also known as hard coal, is a cleaner-burning type of coal with a higher carbon content and lower sulfur content. Bituminous coal, also known as soft coal, is more common but produces more smoke, soot, and pollutants. Even anthracite coal should not be burned in a wood stove.
FAQ 2: Can I mix coal and wood in my wood burning stove?
Absolutely not. Mixing coal and wood creates an unpredictable and potentially dangerous combustion environment. The significantly different burning characteristics can lead to overheating, increased emissions, and damage to your stove.
FAQ 3: What are the signs that I’ve damaged my wood stove by burning coal?
Signs of damage include warped or cracked firebox components, damaged firebrick, excessively loose or crumbling gaskets, frequent backdrafting, and excessive creosote buildup in the chimney. Any of these signs warrant immediate inspection by a qualified professional.
FAQ 4: Are there any types of wood stoves that can safely burn coal?
Very few wood stoves are specifically designed and approved to burn both wood and coal. These models are rare and will be clearly labeled as such by the manufacturer. Do not attempt to burn coal in a stove that is not explicitly certified for it. Always consult the owner’s manual.
FAQ 5: My neighbor burns coal in their wood stove. Is it okay if I do the same?
Just because someone else is doing something doesn’t mean it’s safe or legal. Your neighbor may be unknowingly damaging their stove, violating regulations, or endangering their family. Don’t follow their example. Prioritize safety and follow manufacturer guidelines.
FAQ 6: Will burning coal make my wood stove more efficient?
No, burning coal in a wood stove will not make it more efficient. In fact, it will likely reduce efficiency by causing incomplete combustion and excessive heat loss. Wood stoves are designed for the specific airflow and combustion requirements of wood.
FAQ 7: What type of chimney liner is required for burning coal?
A stainless steel chimney liner rated for high temperatures and corrosive environments is essential for coal stoves. These liners are often referred to as “Class A” chimney liners. Consult a qualified chimney sweep to determine the appropriate liner for your coal-burning stove (not a wood burning stove attempting to burn coal). Using an improper liner is a significant fire hazard.
FAQ 8: How often should I clean my chimney if I burn coal (in a coal stove)?
Coal burning produces more ash and corrosive byproducts than wood burning, so more frequent chimney cleaning is necessary. A professional chimney inspection and cleaning is recommended at least twice a year, or even more frequently depending on your stove’s usage.
FAQ 9: What are the environmental impacts of burning coal?
Burning coal contributes to air pollution, acid rain, and greenhouse gas emissions. It is a significant source of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and carbon dioxide, all of which have detrimental effects on human health and the environment.
FAQ 10: Where can I find information about local regulations regarding burning coal?
Contact your local city or county government’s environmental protection agency or fire department. They can provide information about any restrictions or permits required for burning coal in your area.
FAQ 11: What are some alternative heating options to burning coal?
Consider using natural gas, propane, electricity, or renewable energy sources such as solar or geothermal for heating. Wood stoves, when used properly with seasoned wood, can also be a viable option.
FAQ 12: If I want to burn coal, what is the proper equipment to use?
The proper equipment is a dedicated coal stove that is specifically designed and certified for coal burning. Ensure you have the correct chimney liner, venting system, and follow all manufacturer’s instructions for safe operation. Consulting with a qualified hearth professional is highly recommended before installing and using a coal stove.