Can I Burn Coal in a Wood Stove? A Definitive Guide
The short answer is a resounding no, you should not burn coal in a standard wood stove. Doing so poses significant safety risks, can damage your stove and chimney, and may even violate local regulations.
Understanding the Core Differences
While both wood and coal are solid fuels used for heating, they possess vastly different combustion characteristics. A standard wood stove is designed to burn wood efficiently and safely. Burning coal in a wood stove can lead to incomplete combustion, the buildup of dangerous gases like carbon monoxide, and excessively high temperatures that can warp or crack the stove itself.
Why Coal is Different
Coal has a much higher energy density than wood. This means that a given volume of coal contains significantly more potential heat energy. When burned in a wood stove, this increased heat output can easily exceed the stove’s design limitations, leading to overheating and potential structural failure.
Furthermore, coal requires a much higher temperature for efficient combustion than wood. A typical wood stove doesn’t provide the necessary airflow and temperature to completely burn coal. This incomplete combustion results in the production of harmful byproducts and creosote buildup in the chimney at an accelerated rate.
The Dangers of Incomplete Combustion
Incomplete combustion of coal produces significantly more carbon monoxide (CO) than the incomplete combustion of wood. CO is a colorless, odorless gas that is highly toxic to humans and animals. A malfunctioning wood stove used with coal can quickly fill a home with dangerous levels of CO, leading to serious illness or even death.
FAQ: Burning Coal in Wood Stoves
Here’s a breakdown of frequently asked questions concerning the use of coal in wood stoves:
FAQ 1: What happens if I burn coal in a wood stove designed only for wood?
Burning coal in a wood stove designed only for wood can cause overheating, warping, cracking, and even melting of the stove’s components. The excessive heat can also damage the chimney and potentially lead to a house fire. It will also invalidate any warranty you might have on your stove.
FAQ 2: Can I modify my wood stove to burn coal?
While some modifications might seem plausible, they are generally not recommended. Achieving safe and efficient coal combustion requires significant design changes beyond the scope of DIY modifications. A stove designed for coal will have features like a shaker grate, an ash pan, and a more robust construction to withstand the higher temperatures and corrosive byproducts of coal combustion. Consult with a qualified professional before considering any modifications.
FAQ 3: Will burning coal in my wood stove damage my chimney?
Yes. Coal produces significantly more corrosive byproducts than wood. These byproducts can damage the chimney liner and mortar, leading to structural weakening and increasing the risk of a chimney fire. The buildup of creosote from incomplete combustion further exacerbates the problem.
FAQ 4: Are there special wood stoves that can burn both wood and coal?
Yes, there are combination wood and coal stoves. These stoves are specifically designed with features that allow them to safely and efficiently burn both fuels. They typically have a shaker grate to remove ash from the coal, a larger ash pan to accommodate the increased ash production, and a more robust construction to withstand the higher temperatures. Always check the manufacturer’s specifications to confirm the stove is certified for coal burning.
FAQ 5: How can I tell if a stove is designed to burn coal?
Look for specific features like a shaker grate and a larger ash pan. The stove’s documentation and manufacturer’s specifications will clearly state whether it is certified for coal burning. Also, coal-burning stoves usually have a more substantial, heavier construction.
FAQ 6: What type of coal is suitable for burning in a stove (if the stove is approved for coal)?
Anthracite coal is generally the preferred type of coal for stove use due to its high carbon content and clean-burning properties. Bituminous coal can also be used, but it tends to produce more smoke and soot. Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations regarding the type and size of coal to use.
FAQ 7: What are the regulatory implications of burning coal in a non-approved stove?
Burning coal in a stove not approved for coal may violate local building codes and environmental regulations. This could result in fines, legal action, and insurance policy cancellation in the event of a fire or other incident. It’s crucial to check with your local authorities to understand the specific regulations in your area.
FAQ 8: Does burning coal in a wood stove affect my homeowner’s insurance?
Yes, it can. If you burn coal in a stove not approved for coal, your insurance company may deny coverage in the event of a fire or other damage related to the stove’s improper use. Always inform your insurance provider about your heating methods and ensure they are in compliance with the terms of your policy.
FAQ 9: What are the signs of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, weakness, and confusion. In severe cases, CO poisoning can lead to loss of consciousness and death. If you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, immediately evacuate the building and call emergency services.
FAQ 10: How can I prevent carbon monoxide poisoning when using a wood or coal stove?
Install carbon monoxide detectors on every level of your home and check their batteries regularly. Ensure your stove is properly installed and maintained. Have your chimney inspected and cleaned annually by a qualified professional. Always provide adequate ventilation when burning fuel in a stove.
FAQ 11: What is the difference between creosote from wood and creosote from coal?
While both are flammable byproducts of incomplete combustion, creosote from coal tends to be more corrosive due to the chemical composition of coal. It can also build up faster than creosote from wood, increasing the risk of chimney fires.
FAQ 12: If I’m considering switching to coal, what are the key factors I should consider?
Before switching to coal, consider the cost of a coal-burning stove, the availability and cost of coal in your area, the storage requirements for coal, and the environmental impact of coal combustion. Also, factor in the additional maintenance required for coal stoves, such as more frequent ash removal and chimney cleaning. Finally, and most importantly, ensure you have a stove designed and certified for coal burning.
Conclusion: Prioritize Safety and Efficiency
Burning coal in a wood stove not designed for it is a recipe for disaster. The potential for damage, injury, and regulatory issues far outweighs any perceived benefits. Investing in a stove specifically designed for coal (or a combination stove appropriately certified) is the only safe and responsible way to heat your home with coal. Prioritize safety, follow manufacturer’s instructions, and consult with qualified professionals to ensure a safe and efficient heating system.