Can Dogs Get Really Sick From Kennel Cough?
While often mild, kennel cough can lead to severe complications in certain dogs. Understanding the risks is crucial for proactive care.
Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease affecting dogs. It’s not a single disease but rather a syndrome caused by various bacteria and viruses, often acting in combination. While typically self-limiting, can dogs get really sick from kennel cough? The answer is yes, particularly if they are very young, old, immunocompromised, or suffer from underlying health conditions.
What Causes Kennel Cough?
Kennel cough isn’t caused by a single pathogen. Instead, it’s often a collaborative effort by multiple infectious agents. The most common culprits include:
- Bordetella bronchiseptica: A bacterium and the most frequently implicated agent.
- Canine parainfluenza virus: A common viral contributor.
- Canine adenovirus type 2: Another viral player.
- Canine distemper virus: While less common due to vaccination, it can still be involved.
- Canine influenza virus (CIV): Emerging strains are becoming more prevalent.
- Mycoplasma species: Bacteria that lack a cell wall.
These agents can damage the lining of the respiratory tract, making the dog more susceptible to secondary infections.
Symptoms of Kennel Cough
The hallmark symptom of kennel cough is a dry, hacking cough, often described as a goose honk. Other symptoms can include:
- Retching or gagging, as if trying to dislodge something from the throat.
- Nasal discharge (usually clear).
- Lethargy.
- Fever (less common).
- Loss of appetite (less common).
The severity of symptoms can vary significantly. Some dogs may only exhibit a mild cough, while others experience more debilitating symptoms.
When is Kennel Cough a Serious Concern?
In most healthy adult dogs, kennel cough resolves within a few weeks with supportive care. However, certain factors increase the risk of serious complications:
- Age: Puppies and senior dogs are more vulnerable due to their less robust immune systems.
- Immunocompromised dogs: Dogs with weakened immune systems (e.g., those undergoing chemotherapy or with underlying diseases) are at higher risk.
- Underlying respiratory conditions: Dogs with pre-existing conditions like collapsing trachea or chronic bronchitis are more likely to develop severe complications.
In these vulnerable populations, kennel cough can progress to pneumonia, a serious and potentially life-threatening lung infection.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of kennel cough is typically based on clinical signs and history. A veterinarian may perform a physical exam, listen to the dog’s lungs, and take a history of recent exposure to other dogs (e.g., at a boarding kennel, dog park, or grooming facility). In some cases, diagnostic tests like tracheal washes or cultures may be necessary to identify the specific infectious agents involved.
Treatment for kennel cough depends on the severity of the symptoms. Mild cases may only require supportive care, such as rest, good nutrition, and cough suppressants to provide relief. More severe cases may require antibiotics to combat secondary bacterial infections, as well as other medications to manage symptoms. In cases that progress to pneumonia, hospitalization and intensive care may be necessary.
Prevention Strategies
Prevention is always better than cure. Several strategies can help reduce the risk of kennel cough:
- Vaccination: The Bordetella vaccine is a core vaccine for dogs at risk, and vaccines are also available for parainfluenza virus and canine influenza. It is important to note that these vaccines do not guarantee complete protection, but they can significantly reduce the severity and duration of the illness.
- Avoid crowded environments: Limit exposure to other dogs, especially in crowded environments like kennels, dog parks, and grooming facilities, particularly when outbreaks are reported.
- Good hygiene: Practice good hygiene by washing your hands after handling other dogs and disinfecting shared items like bowls and toys.
- Boost immune health: A healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress reduction can all contribute to a strong immune system and help your dog fight off infections.
Here’s a table comparing different preventative measures and their effectiveness:
| Preventative Measure | Effectiveness | Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| ———————– | —————- | ———————————————————– |
| Bordetella Vaccine | High (Reduces Severity) | Requires booster shots; Doesn’t cover all strains. |
| Parainfluenza Vaccine | Moderate | Often combined with Bordetella vaccine. |
| CIV Vaccine | High (Specific Strains) | Requires knowledge of circulating CIV strains. |
| Avoid Crowds | Moderate | May limit socialization opportunities. |
| Good Hygiene | Low to Moderate | Helps reduce transmission. |
| Immune Support | Moderate | Long-term benefit, but not an immediate preventative. |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can kennel cough be transmitted to humans?
No, kennel cough is not zoonotic, meaning it cannot be transmitted from dogs to humans. The bacteria and viruses that cause kennel cough are specific to dogs and do not infect humans.
Is the kennel cough vaccine 100% effective?
No, the kennel cough vaccine is not 100% effective. It can significantly reduce the risk of infection and the severity of symptoms, but it doesn’t provide complete protection. This is because kennel cough can be caused by multiple different pathogens, and the vaccine typically only covers a few of the most common ones.
How long is a dog contagious with kennel cough?
Dogs with kennel cough can be contagious for several weeks, even after their symptoms have resolved. The exact duration of contagiousness can vary depending on the specific infectious agent involved. A general rule of thumb is to keep infected dogs away from other dogs for at least two weeks after their cough has subsided.
Can my dog still get kennel cough even if they are vaccinated?
Yes, it is possible for a vaccinated dog to contract kennel cough. The vaccine does not provide complete immunity, and your dog may still be susceptible to strains not covered by the vaccine. The vaccine, however, will typically decrease the severity and duration of illness.
What should I do if I suspect my dog has kennel cough?
If you suspect your dog has kennel cough, contact your veterinarian promptly. They can diagnose the condition and recommend the appropriate treatment plan. Isolation from other dogs is also critical to prevent spread.
Are there any home remedies for kennel cough?
While home remedies can provide some comfort, they are not a substitute for veterinary care. Warm steam, honey, and rest can help soothe a dog’s throat and ease coughing, but they won’t eliminate the underlying infection. Always consult with your veterinarian before using any home remedies.
How long does kennel cough typically last?
In most cases, kennel cough resolves within 1-3 weeks. However, in severe cases or when complications arise, it can last longer.
Is kennel cough more common in certain breeds?
No, kennel cough is not more common in specific breeds. It affects all breeds of dogs equally. However, brachycephalic (short-nosed) breeds like Bulldogs and Pugs may have more difficulty breathing when they have kennel cough due to their already compromised respiratory systems.
Can stress contribute to kennel cough?
Yes, stress can weaken the immune system and make dogs more susceptible to infections like kennel cough. Minimizing stress in your dog’s environment can help support their immune system and reduce their risk of illness.
How is kennel cough spread?
Kennel cough is spread through airborne droplets released when an infected dog coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, such as bowls, toys, or bedding.
Can dogs get really sick from kennel cough more than once?
Yes, dogs can get kennel cough multiple times throughout their lives. Because it’s caused by various pathogens, immunity to one doesn’t protect them from others. Vaccinating for commonly seen pathogens helps mitigate risks.
Is kennel cough always a mild illness?
While generally considered a mild and self-limiting disease, can dogs get really sick from kennel cough? Yes, they can, especially puppies, senior dogs, and dogs with compromised immune systems or underlying respiratory problems. Early intervention is key to preventing severe complications such as pneumonia.