What are abnormal Behaviours in dogs?

Table of Contents

Abnormal behaviours in dogs are defined as actions outside the normal range of canine behaviour, often repetitive, exaggerated, or lacking an apparent purpose, indicating underlying stress, anxiety, or medical issues. Understanding and addressing these behaviours is crucial for the well-being of your canine companion.

Introduction: Decoding Canine Communication

Dogs, our beloved companions, communicate through a complex language of body postures, vocalizations, and behaviours. While many actions are easily understood, some deviate from the norm, signaling deeper issues. Recognizing abnormal behaviours is the first step in ensuring a happy and healthy life for your dog. What are abnormal Behaviours in dogs? is a question every owner should understand.

Defining Normal vs. Abnormal Behaviour

Distinguishing between normal canine behaviour and abnormal behaviour is crucial. What is considered normal depends on factors like breed, age, and individual temperament. Normal behaviours serve a purpose, such as hunting, playing, or social interaction. Abnormal behaviours, however, are often repetitive, exaggerated, and seemingly without purpose. They can be detrimental to the dog’s well-being or interfere with its ability to function normally.

Common Types of Abnormal Behaviours

Abnormal behaviours can manifest in various forms. These can include:

Repetitive Behaviours: These are actions that are performed excessively and persistently, such as:
- Tail chasing
- Pacing
- Licking (especially excessive licking of self or objects)
- Shadow chasing/Light obsession
Aggressive Behaviours: While some aggression can be normal (e.g., resource guarding), unprovoked or excessive aggression is abnormal.
Anxiety-Related Behaviours: These are often triggered by fear or stress and include:
- Excessive barking or whining
- Destructive behaviour (chewing, digging)
- Trembling
- Hiding
- Urination/Defecation (inappropriate elimination)
Phobias: Extreme and irrational fears, such as fear of thunderstorms or fireworks, are considered abnormal behaviour when they significantly impact the dog’s quality of life.
Cognitive Dysfunction: In older dogs, cognitive decline can lead to disorientation, changes in social interaction, and loss of learned behaviours.
Stereotypies: These are invariant and repetitive motor patterns, like those seen in captive animals in poor environments. Examples include pacing in a straight line in your backyard or spinning in circles.

Potential Causes of Abnormal Behaviours

Understanding the root cause of abnormal behaviour is essential for effective treatment. These can stem from several sources:

Medical Conditions: Underlying health issues can trigger behavioural changes. Pain, hormonal imbalances, or neurological disorders can all manifest as abnormal behaviours. A vet check is essential.
Environmental Factors: A lack of mental stimulation, social isolation, or stressful living conditions can contribute to abnormal behaviours.
Genetics: Certain breeds may be predisposed to specific behavioural issues.
Past Trauma: A history of abuse, neglect, or frightening experiences can lead to long-lasting behavioural problems.
Learned Behaviours: Sometimes, abnormal behaviours can be inadvertently reinforced by owners. For instance, if a dog barks for attention and receives it, the barking behaviour is likely to continue.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing abnormal behaviours requires a comprehensive approach:

Veterinary Examination: A thorough physical examination and diagnostic tests (blood work, neurological assessments) are crucial to rule out underlying medical conditions.
Behavioural History: A detailed account of the dog’s behaviour, including when it started, triggers, and frequency, helps pinpoint potential causes. This information is usually best collected through a structured interview with the dog owner.
Behavioural Assessment: A qualified veterinary behaviourist or certified professional dog trainer can evaluate the dog’s behaviour and develop a treatment plan.

Treatment options vary depending on the cause and severity of the abnormal behaviour:

Behaviour Modification: This involves retraining the dog to replace abnormal behaviours with more appropriate ones. Techniques include positive reinforcement, desensitization, and counter-conditioning.
Medication: In some cases, medication may be necessary to manage anxiety, aggression, or other underlying conditions. This should always be prescribed and monitored by a veterinarian.
Environmental Enrichment: Providing a stimulating and enriching environment can help reduce stress and boredom, which can trigger abnormal behaviours.
Management Strategies: Modifying the dog’s environment to minimize triggers and prevent the abnormal behaviour from occurring.

Prevention is Key

Preventing abnormal behaviours is often easier than treating them. Here are some tips:

Early Socialization: Expose puppies to a variety of people, places, and situations during their critical socialization period (3-16 weeks of age).
Training: Provide consistent and positive reinforcement-based training to establish clear communication and boundaries.
Mental Stimulation: Offer puzzle toys, training games, and opportunities for enrichment to keep the dog’s mind engaged.
Physical Exercise: Regular exercise is crucial for both physical and mental well-being.
Stress Reduction: Minimize exposure to stressful situations and create a calm and predictable environment.

Working with Professionals

If you suspect your dog is exhibiting abnormal behaviours, seeking professional help is essential. A veterinarian can rule out medical causes, and a qualified veterinary behaviourist or certified professional dog trainer can develop a customized treatment plan.

The Importance of Patience and Understanding

Addressing abnormal behaviours requires patience, understanding, and a commitment to working with your dog. It’s important to remember that these behaviours are often a sign of underlying distress and that punishment will only worsen the problem. With proper diagnosis, treatment, and support, many dogs with abnormal behaviours can lead happier and more fulfilling lives.

Summary of Key Points

Abnormal behaviours in dogs are indicators of underlying issues and should be addressed promptly.
Identifying the root cause is crucial for effective treatment.
Treatment often involves a combination of behaviour modification, medication, and environmental management.
Prevention is always the best approach, including early socialization, training, and a stimulating environment.
Seeking professional help from a veterinarian and a qualified behaviourist or trainer is recommended.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

**What is the difference between a habit and an abnormal behaviour?**

A habit is a repetitive behaviour that a dog performs regularly, often without any underlying emotional or medical issues. Examples include begging for food or jumping up to greet people. Abnormal behaviours, on the other hand, are usually more intense, frequent, and driven by stress, anxiety, or medical problems. Abnormal behaviours tend to be more difficult to interrupt and often require intervention.

**Can abnormal behaviours develop suddenly?**

Yes, abnormal behaviours can sometimes appear suddenly, particularly if they are triggered by a traumatic event, a sudden change in the dog’s environment, or the onset of a medical condition. A sudden change in behaviour always warrants a veterinary visit to rule out an underlying medical problem.

**Is it possible for an abnormal behaviour to be “cured”?**

While a complete “cure” may not always be possible, many abnormal behaviours can be significantly improved with appropriate treatment. The goal is to reduce the frequency and intensity of the behaviour and improve the dog’s overall well-being. Management, behaviour modification, and sometimes medication, can all significantly improve a dog’s well being.

**What role does diet play in abnormal behaviours?**

While diet is not usually the primary cause of abnormal behaviours, it can play a contributing role. Deficiencies in certain nutrients or sensitivities to specific ingredients can sometimes exacerbate anxiety or aggression. Consulting with a veterinarian or veterinary nutritionist can help determine if dietary changes are necessary.

**Can I treat abnormal behaviours myself, or do I need a professional?**

Some mild abnormal behaviours can be managed with basic training and environmental enrichment. However, if the behaviour is severe, persistent, or causing significant distress to the dog, seeking professional help from a veterinarian, veterinary behaviourist, or certified professional dog trainer is crucial. Professional assistance is always recommended.

**Are certain breeds more prone to abnormal behaviours?**

Yes, some breeds are predisposed to certain abnormal behaviours due to their genetic makeup. For example, Border Collies are prone to obsessive-compulsive behaviours like light chasing, while German Shepherds may be more susceptible to anxiety-related issues. However, breed is not the sole determinant of behaviour.

How can I create a more enriching environment for my dog?

Creating an enriching environment involves providing opportunities for mental and physical stimulation. This can include:

Puzzle toys
Training games
Regular walks and playtime
Social interaction with other dogs (if appropriate)
Rotating toys to maintain novelty

What are the signs of anxiety in dogs?

Signs of anxiety in dogs can include:

Excessive barking or whining
Panting or pacing
Trembling
Hiding
Destructive behaviour
Inappropriate elimination
Changes in appetite

How long does it take to see improvement with behaviour modification?

The timeline for seeing improvement with behaviour modification varies depending on the severity of the abnormal behaviour, the dog’s temperament, and the consistency of the owner’s efforts. Some dogs may show improvement within weeks, while others may take several months. Patience and consistency are key.

**Is it ever ethical to rehome a dog with abnormal behaviours?**

Rehoming a dog with abnormal behaviours is a complex decision. It may be considered if the behaviour poses a safety risk to people or other animals, or if the owner is unable to provide the necessary care and support. However, it’s important to find a home that is equipped to handle the dog’s specific needs and to be transparent about the dog’s behavioural issues. This should be a last resort.

What are some examples of environmental modifications that can help with anxiety?

Environmental modifications can include:

Providing a safe and comfortable den-like space
Using calming pheromone diffusers
Playing calming music
Minimizing exposure to triggers (e.g., loud noises, unfamiliar people)
Ensuring a predictable daily routine

**How can I prevent my puppy from developing abnormal behaviours?**

Preventing abnormal behaviours in puppies involves:

Early socialization
Positive reinforcement-based training
Providing a stimulating and enriching environment
Teaching bite inhibition
Ensuring adequate rest and sleep
Addressing any signs of anxiety or stress early on