Why Don’t Deer Eat Boxwood? The Unpalatable Truth
Why don’t deer eat boxwood? Deer generally avoid boxwood due to the presence of toxic alkaloids and unpleasant texture within its leaves and stems, rendering it an undesirable food source in most cases.
Boxwood: A Landscape Staple
Boxwood (Buxus) is a genus of about 70 species in the family Buxaceae. These evergreen shrubs and small trees are widely cultivated for their dense foliage and versatility in landscaping. They are prized for formal gardens, hedges, topiary, and foundation plantings. Their popularity stems from their adaptability to various soil types, tolerance of pruning, and attractive year-round appearance. However, one common question arises among gardeners, especially those in areas with significant deer populations: Why don’t deer eat boxwood?
Understanding Deer Dietary Preferences
Deer are opportunistic herbivores, meaning they will consume a wide range of plant material. Their dietary choices are influenced by factors such as:
- Availability of food: Deer will naturally gravitate towards the most abundant and easily accessible food sources.
- Nutritional value: They prioritize plants that offer the highest caloric and nutritional content.
- Palatability: Taste, texture, and smell all play a role in whether a deer will consume a particular plant.
- Seasonality: Food preferences may change depending on the time of year and the availability of different plants. During winter, when other food sources are scarce, deer may be more inclined to sample plants they would typically avoid.
The Chemistry Behind the Repulsion: Toxic Alkaloids
The primary reason why don’t deer eat boxwood is the presence of steroidal alkaloids, particularly buxamine and buxaminol, within the plant’s tissues. These compounds are toxic to deer and other animals. When ingested, they can cause a range of unpleasant symptoms, including:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- In severe cases, even death
The concentration of these alkaloids can vary depending on the specific boxwood species and growing conditions. However, even relatively low concentrations are usually enough to deter deer from consuming significant amounts of the plant.
Texture and Taste: A Double Deterrent
In addition to the toxic alkaloids, the tough and leathery texture of boxwood leaves also contributes to its deer resistance. Deer generally prefer plants with soft, succulent foliage that is easy to chew and digest. The boxwood’s leaves are simply not as appealing from a textural standpoint. The taste, which is often described as bitter, is another reason why don’t deer eat boxwood.
Boxwood Isn’t Completely Deer-Proof
It’s crucial to understand that no plant is entirely deer-proof. Deer are adaptable creatures, and when faced with limited food options, they may resort to eating plants they would typically avoid. In areas with high deer populations or during periods of severe food scarcity, boxwood may experience some browsing, particularly on younger, more tender growth. However, compared to many other ornamental plants, boxwood is significantly more resistant to deer damage.
Comparing Deer Resistance of Common Landscape Plants
| Plant | Deer Resistance |
|---|---|
| ——————– | —————- |
| Boxwood | High |
| Hostas | Low |
| Daylilies | Moderate |
| Hydrangeas | Moderate to Low |
| Lavender | High |
| Ornamental Grasses | Moderate |
Strategies to Further Protect Boxwood from Deer
While boxwood is naturally deer-resistant, there are steps you can take to further protect your plants, especially in areas with heavy deer pressure:
- Repellents: Apply deer repellents regularly, following the manufacturer’s instructions. Choose repellents that contain ingredients like putrescent egg solids or garlic.
- Physical Barriers: Install fencing or netting around your boxwood plants to create a physical barrier that deer cannot penetrate.
- Plant Selection: Consider planting deer-resistant companion plants around your boxwood. Plants like lavender, rosemary, and catmint can help to deter deer.
- Motion-Activated Sprinklers: Install motion-activated sprinklers to startle deer and discourage them from entering your garden.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Why are boxwood plants considered deer-resistant, but not deer-proof?
Because deer are opportunistic feeders, they will eat almost anything if they are hungry enough. While boxwood’s toxic alkaloids and unpleasant texture typically deter deer, extreme food scarcity may force them to consume it.
Will deer eat boxwood in the winter when other food sources are scarce?
Yes, deer are more likely to sample boxwood in the winter when other food sources are limited. They may be less picky about taste or toxicity when facing starvation. This is also why don’t deer eat boxwood when they have other options.
What are the signs of deer damage on boxwood plants?
Signs of deer damage include ragged or torn leaves, stripped bark on lower branches, and a noticeable lack of foliage on the lower portions of the plant.
Are some varieties of boxwood more deer-resistant than others?
While all boxwood varieties contain alkaloids, there may be slight variations in concentration. However, the difference in deer resistance between varieties is generally not significant.
How can I protect my boxwood plants from deer during the winter months?
During the winter, consider using deer repellents more frequently and ensuring that physical barriers are in place, especially if deer populations are high in your area.
Does the age of the boxwood plant affect its deer resistance?
Younger boxwood plants with more tender growth may be slightly more susceptible to deer browsing. However, the presence of alkaloids still provides a significant level of protection.
Are there any natural ways to deter deer from eating boxwood?
Sprinkling blood meal or human hair around boxwood plants can sometimes deter deer due to their strong odor.
Can deer develop a tolerance to the toxins in boxwood?
While deer can become habituated to certain tastes and smells, they are unlikely to develop a significant tolerance to the toxic alkaloids present in boxwood.
Is it possible to train deer to avoid eating boxwood?
It’s difficult to train deer to avoid eating specific plants. The most effective approach is to use a combination of repellents, physical barriers, and plant selection.
What other plants are highly deer-resistant and can be planted near boxwood?
Other deer-resistant plants include lavender, rosemary, sage, Russian sage, peonies, daffodils, and most ornamental grasses.
If deer eat boxwood, will they die?
While boxwood can cause discomfort and digestive upset in deer, it is unlikely to be fatal unless a very large quantity is consumed.
How often should I apply deer repellent to boxwood plants?
The frequency of repellent application depends on the product you use and the level of deer pressure in your area. Generally, you should reapply repellent after heavy rain or every few weeks during periods of high deer activity.