How Bad is Kennel Cough for Humans?
Kennel cough poses virtually no risk to humans. It’s primarily a canine ailment; however, understanding the science behind it can alleviate any unwarranted concerns.
What is Kennel Cough?
Kennel cough, officially known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease affecting dogs. It’s similar to the common cold in humans, but caused by different pathogens. The name “kennel cough” comes from its rapid spread among dogs housed in close proximity, such as kennels, boarding facilities, and dog parks. It’s important to differentiate this illness which primarily impacts canines, from the potential impacts on humans that we will be exploring.
The Culprits Behind Kennel Cough
The disease is caused by a complex of infectious agents, including:
- Bordetella bronchiseptica (the most common bacterial culprit)
- Canine parainfluenza virus
- Canine adenovirus type 2
- Canine distemper virus
- Canine influenza virus
- Mycoplasma species
These agents damage the lining of the trachea and bronchi, making the dog susceptible to secondary infections. This creates the characteristic hacking cough for which the illness is known.
Symptoms and Diagnosis in Dogs
The primary symptom of kennel cough is a persistent, forceful cough, often described as a goose honk. Other symptoms may include:
- Runny nose
- Sneezing
- Lethargy
- Loss of appetite
- Low-grade fever
Diagnosis is typically based on clinical signs and a history of exposure to other dogs. Veterinarians may perform a tracheal wash or swab to identify the specific pathogens involved, but this is not always necessary.
Transmission in the Canine World
Kennel cough spreads through airborne droplets produced when infected dogs cough or sneeze. It can also be transmitted through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, such as toys, food bowls, and water dishes. The incubation period is usually 2 to 14 days.
Why Kennel Cough Doesn’t Usually Affect Humans
The organisms that cause kennel cough are generally host-specific, meaning they are adapted to infect and thrive in particular species. The specific strains of Bordetella, viruses, and other pathogens involved in kennel cough are primarily designed to infect canine respiratory systems. Human physiology is drastically different, making it very difficult, if not impossible, for these pathogens to establish an infection. This directly addresses how bad is kennel cough for humans?, reassuring owners that there is little to no cause for concern.
Exceptions and Rare Cases
While highly unlikely, there are rare reports of Bordetella bronchiseptica infections in humans, especially those with compromised immune systems, such as individuals with HIV/AIDS, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, or organ transplant recipients. In these instances, infection typically results in respiratory symptoms similar to bronchitis or pneumonia.
Preventative Measures for Your Dog
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent kennel cough in dogs. Vaccines are available for Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine parainfluenza virus, and canine adenovirus type 2. They can be administered intranasally (through the nose), orally, or by injection. Regular vaccination is recommended, especially for dogs that frequently interact with other dogs in group settings. Maintaining a strong immune system through proper nutrition, exercise, and minimizing stress can also help.
What to do if your Dog has Kennel Cough?
If you suspect your dog has kennel cough, consult your veterinarian immediately. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and cough suppressants. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat secondary bacterial infections. Isolation is important to prevent further spread of the disease.
Management Strategies
Here’s a table summarizing management strategies for kennel cough:
| Strategy | Description | Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| —————– | ———————————————————————————————————— | —————————————————————————————— |
| Vaccination | Administer Bordetella, parainfluenza, and adenovirus vaccines. | Prevents infection and reduces the severity of symptoms. |
| Isolation | Keep infected dogs away from other dogs. | Prevents the spread of the disease. |
| Supportive Care | Rest, hydration, and cough suppressants. | Helps alleviate symptoms and promotes recovery. |
| Antibiotics | Veterinarian-prescribed antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections. | Treats bacterial complications. |
| Humidifier | Use a humidifier to moisten the air. | Soothes irritated airways and helps loosen mucus. |
Understanding Human Respiratory Infections
It’s helpful to contrast the origins of kennel cough with human respiratory infections. Human respiratory illnesses like colds, flu, and bronchitis are caused by human-specific viruses and bacteria, such as rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Because they are specific to humans, they cannot be transmitted to dogs.
Further Reading and Resources
Consulting with a veterinarian will allow for a deeper understanding about your dog’s specific health concerns. Numerous online resources provided by veterinary organizations can also provide accurate information.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
If my dog has kennel cough, do I need to quarantine myself?
No, there is no need to quarantine yourself if your dog has kennel cough. As stated earlier, the pathogens responsible for kennel cough are highly adapted to infect canines and pose minimal to no risk to humans, unless you have a severely compromised immune system. Focus on managing your dog’s symptoms and preventing the spread to other dogs.
Can I get kennel cough from petting my dog?
It is highly unlikely that you would contract kennel cough from petting your dog. While Bordetella bronchiseptica and other pathogens can be present on your dog’s fur, they are not easily transmitted to humans through casual contact. Wash your hands after interacting with your dog, especially if they are coughing or sneezing, as a general hygiene practice.
What if I have a weakened immune system?
If you have a compromised immune system, it is wise to take extra precautions around animals that may be sick. While kennel cough is rarely transmitted to humans, it is important to always maintain good hygiene by washing your hands after contact with pets, and avoid getting coughed or sneezed on by sick animals. If you’re immunocompromised and suspect you’ve been exposed to a dog with kennel cough and are experiencing respiratory symptoms, consult your physician for guidance.
Are there any documented cases of humans getting kennel cough?
While Bordetella bronchiseptica infections in humans are extremely rare, documented cases do exist, primarily in individuals with compromised immune systems. These infections typically manifest as respiratory symptoms such as bronchitis or pneumonia. It is critical to emphasize that these cases are exceptionally uncommon.
What should I do if I think I’ve caught something from my dog?
If you develop respiratory symptoms after being around your dog, it’s best to consult your physician. While it’s unlikely to be kennel cough, your doctor can rule out other common human respiratory infections and determine the appropriate treatment.
Is there a vaccine for humans against the pathogens that cause kennel cough?
There is no vaccine specifically designed for humans to protect against the pathogens that cause kennel cough in dogs. The human vaccine against Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough, offers some cross-protection against other Bordetella species, but it is not specifically targeted at Bordetella bronchiseptica.
How long does kennel cough last in dogs?
Kennel cough typically lasts 1-3 weeks in dogs. However, in some cases, it can persist for several weeks or even months, especially if secondary bacterial infections develop. Prompt veterinary care can help shorten the duration and severity of the illness.
Is kennel cough fatal for dogs?
Kennel cough is rarely fatal for dogs. However, it can be more serious in puppies, elderly dogs, and dogs with underlying health conditions. Secondary pneumonia is a potential complication that can be life-threatening.
Can cats get kennel cough?
While the term “kennel cough” is generally associated with dogs, cats can also be infected with some of the same pathogens, such as Bordetella bronchiseptica. However, the clinical signs and severity of the infection may differ in cats.
How can I disinfect my home if my dog has kennel cough?
To disinfect your home, focus on cleaning surfaces that your dog has come into contact with, such as food bowls, water dishes, toys, and bedding. Use a disinfectant that is effective against bacteria and viruses, following the manufacturer’s instructions. Regular cleaning and ventilation can also help reduce the spread of pathogens.
Can my dog still go for walks if they have kennel cough?
Your dog should not go for walks or interact with other dogs if they have kennel cough. This is because kennel cough is highly contagious and can easily spread to other susceptible dogs. Keep your dog isolated until they have fully recovered and are no longer coughing.
How bad is kennel cough for humans with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma?
Even for individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma, the risk of contracting kennel cough is extremely low. The pathogens that cause kennel cough are primarily canine-specific and are not well-suited to infect human respiratory systems. As always, good hygiene practices are recommended. The answer to the question ” How bad is kennel cough for humans?” remains the same, even with pre-existing respiratory conditions.