What kills mange on dogs?

Table of Contents

Successfully treating mange on dogs requires understanding the type of mange and using appropriate medication, which often includes prescription antiparasitics like ivermectin, milbemycin oxime, or amitraz dips to effectively kill the mites causing the infestation.

Understanding Mange in Dogs

Mange, a skin disease caused by parasitic mites, is a common concern for dog owners. Identifying the type of mange and choosing the right treatment is crucial for effectively resolving the problem and alleviating your dog’s discomfort. Different types of mange require different approaches. Early detection and veterinary intervention are paramount.

Types of Mange

There are two main types of mange that affect dogs: Sarcoptic mange (also known as canine scabies) and Demodectic mange.

Sarcoptic Mange: Highly contagious, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites, which burrow into the skin. This causes intense itching, leading to scratching, hair loss, and secondary skin infections. It can be transmitted to humans (though humans usually experience a milder, self-limiting condition).
Demodectic Mange: Caused by Demodex mites, which normally live in small numbers in hair follicles. Demodectic mange becomes a problem when the dog’s immune system is compromised, allowing the mite population to proliferate. It is generally not contagious to humans or other dogs with healthy immune systems. Localized and generalized forms exist.

Diagnosing Mange

A veterinarian will diagnose mange based on a physical examination and skin scrapings. Microscopic examination of the skin scraping reveals the presence of mites. Identifying the type of mite is key to selecting the right treatment. Sometimes, the mites are difficult to find, and a presumptive diagnosis is made based on clinical signs and response to treatment.

Treatment Options: What Kills Mange on Dogs?

The best course of treatment depends on the type of mange and the severity of the infestation. Here are some common treatment options:

Prescription Medications:
- Ivermectin: An antiparasitic medication often used off-label to treat sarcoptic mange. Requires veterinary supervision due to potential side effects, especially in certain breeds (Collies, Shepherds, etc.).
- Milbemycin Oxime: Another antiparasitic drug that can be effective against both sarcoptic and demodectic mange. Available in oral form.
- Amitraz Dip: A topical treatment specifically for demodectic mange. Requires careful application and veterinary instruction.
- Selamectin: A topical parasiticide effective against sarcoptic mange.
- Isoxazoline Class Drugs (e.g., Fluralaner, Afoxolaner, Sarolaner): These newer medications, typically used for flea and tick prevention, are also highly effective against both types of mange. They are often preferred due to their ease of administration and relatively low risk of side effects.
Supportive Care:
- Antibiotics: To treat secondary bacterial skin infections caused by scratching.
- Medicated Shampoos: Can help soothe irritated skin and remove debris. Shampoos containing benzoyl peroxide or chlorhexidine are often recommended.
- Good Nutrition: A balanced diet strengthens the immune system, helping the dog fight off the infestation.

Application and Administration of Medications

The route of administration (oral, topical, injection) and frequency depend on the specific medication prescribed by your veterinarian. Follow their instructions carefully. Amitraz dips require special care, including wearing gloves and ensuring proper ventilation. Never use medications intended for other animals or humans on your dog without veterinary guidance.

Potential Side Effects and Precautions

All medications have potential side effects. Common side effects may include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and skin irritation. Certain breeds, such as Collies, are sensitive to ivermectin and may experience more severe side effects. Always discuss any concerns with your veterinarian.

Preventing Reinfection and Spread

Isolate affected dogs from other pets until treatment is complete.
Thoroughly clean bedding, collars, and other items that may harbor mites. Wash items in hot water and dry them on high heat.
Treat all dogs in the household if one dog is diagnosed with sarcoptic mange.
Regular veterinary checkups help detect mange early and prevent it from becoming severe.

Monitoring Treatment Progress

Regular veterinary checkups are crucial to monitor treatment progress and make adjustments as needed. Skin scrapings may be repeated to confirm that the mites have been eliminated. Complete the full course of treatment, even if your dog appears to be improving, to prevent recurrence.

Natural Remedies: A Word of Caution

While some natural remedies are touted as treatments for mange, their effectiveness is not scientifically proven. Some, like tea tree oil, can be toxic to dogs if ingested. Always consult with your veterinarian before using any natural remedies. They may be helpful for soothing irritated skin as part of a comprehensive treatment plan, but should not be used as a sole treatment.

Common Mistakes in Treating Mange

Using the wrong medication: Different types of mange require different treatments.
Not completing the full course of treatment: This can lead to recurrence.
Not treating all affected animals in the household: This can lead to re-infestation.
Ignoring secondary infections: Untreated skin infections can delay healing.
Self-diagnosing and treating without veterinary guidance: This can be dangerous.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the first signs of mange on a dog?

The first signs often include intense itching, scratching, and redness of the skin. Hair loss, particularly around the ears, elbows, and abdomen, may also be noticeable. The skin may become scaly and inflamed. In sarcoptic mange, the itching is often severe and relentless.

Is mange contagious to humans?

Sarcoptic mange is contagious to humans, causing a condition called scabies. Human scabies typically presents as small, itchy bumps, often between the fingers, on the wrists, and around the waist. It is usually self-limiting in humans and can be treated with topical medications prescribed by a doctor. Demodectic mange is not considered contagious to humans or other animals with healthy immune systems.

How long does it take for mange treatment to work?

The time it takes for mange treatment to work varies depending on the type of mange, the severity of the infestation, and the medication used. Improvement is often seen within a week or two, but complete resolution may take several weeks to months. Regular veterinary checkups are important to monitor progress.

Can I bathe my dog during mange treatment?

Medicated shampoos are often recommended as part of mange treatment. However, it is important to follow your veterinarian’s instructions regarding the frequency and type of shampoo to use. Over-bathing can dry out the skin and worsen irritation. Non-medicated bathing should be avoided unless specifically instructed by your vet.

What are the risks of leaving mange untreated?

Untreated mange can lead to severe skin infections, hair loss, and chronic itching. In severe cases, it can weaken the immune system and make the dog susceptible to other illnesses. The constant scratching can also cause self-inflicted wounds that can become infected. It’s vital to address mange promptly.

Is there a home remedy that can cure mange?

While some home remedies may provide temporary relief from itching, they are generally not effective at killing the mites that cause mange. Many remedies are unproven and some, such as using essential oils incorrectly, may be harmful. Consult with your veterinarian for proper treatment.

How often should I clean my dog’s bedding if they have mange?

Bedding, collars, and other items should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected at least once a week, and ideally every few days, during treatment. Wash items in hot water and dry them on high heat to kill any mites.

Can stress cause mange in dogs?

Stress can weaken the immune system, making dogs more susceptible to demodectic mange. While stress doesn’t directly cause sarcoptic mange (which is always from transmission), it can exacerbate symptoms by compromising the dog’s overall health.

What is the difference between localized and generalized demodectic mange?

Localized demodectic mange typically affects small, isolated areas of the skin, often around the face. It usually resolves on its own, especially in puppies. Generalized demodectic mange affects larger areas of the body and is more severe. It requires more intensive treatment and indicates an underlying immune system problem.

Are there any breeds that are more prone to mange?

Certain breeds, such as American Staffordshire Terriers, Bulldogs, and Shar-Peis, may be more prone to developing demodectic mange due to genetic predispositions to immune system weaknesses. Collies and related breeds are particularly sensitive to certain medications like ivermectin.

What happens if my dog licks the mange medication?

The effects of licking mange medication depend on the specific medication and the amount ingested. Some medications can cause vomiting, diarrhea, or other side effects. If you suspect your dog has ingested medication, contact your veterinarian immediately. Preventing access to the medication is crucial during treatment.

What if the mange treatment doesn’t seem to be working?

If the mange treatment doesn’t seem to be working, consult with your veterinarian. The diagnosis may need to be re-evaluated, or the medication may need to be adjusted. Sometimes, secondary infections or other underlying health problems can interfere with treatment.