Can I Use Diatomaceous Earth in My House? A Definitive Guide
Yes, you can use diatomaceous earth (DE) in your house, but understanding the type of DE and its proper application is crucial for safety and effectiveness. Food-grade DE is generally considered safe for indoor use to control pests, while filter-grade DE is a hazardous material and should never be used inside.
Understanding Diatomaceous Earth: The Good, The Bad, and The Bug-Busting
Diatomaceous earth is a naturally occurring, soft, sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. This powder is composed of the fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled algae. Its primary uses are as a filtration aid, mild abrasive, mechanical insecticide, absorbent for liquids, cat litter, activator in blood clotting studies, and a component of dynamite. When used correctly, particularly in its food-grade form, it’s a powerful and relatively safe tool for homeowners battling unwanted pests. However, it’s essential to differentiate between the different types and understand the risks involved.
Food-Grade vs. Filter-Grade DE: Know the Difference
The most critical distinction when considering using DE in your home is understanding the difference between food-grade diatomaceous earth and filter-grade diatomaceous earth.
- Food-Grade DE: This type of DE is primarily used as an anti-caking agent in animal feed and is generally considered safe for human and animal consumption in small amounts. It’s also the type recommended for pest control around the home. The silica content is typically crystalline silica less than 1%.
- Filter-Grade DE: This type is heated to very high temperatures (calcined) to change its structure, making it more effective for filtration in swimming pools, industrial processes, and drinking water treatment. This process significantly increases the amount of crystalline silica, which is a known carcinogen when inhaled. Never use filter-grade DE indoors.
How Does Diatomaceous Earth Work as a Pest Control Agent?
Food-grade DE works through a purely mechanical process. The microscopic, sharp edges of the diatom remains pierce the exoskeletons of insects, causing them to dehydrate and die. It’s an effective way to control insects like ants, fleas, bed bugs, cockroaches, and dust mites without relying on harsh chemicals. This is particularly beneficial for households with children and pets.
Safe and Effective Application of Diatomaceous Earth Indoors
Before you start sprinkling DE around your home, it’s crucial to understand how to apply it safely and effectively. Overdoing it can create unnecessary dust and potential respiratory irritation.
Identifying Pest Hotspots
The key to successful DE application is targeting the areas where pests are most likely to be present. Common hotspots include:
- Cracks and crevices: Apply a light dusting along baseboards, window sills, and door frames.
- Underneath appliances: This is a common hiding place for cockroaches and other pests.
- Pet bedding: Fleas and other parasites often infest pet bedding.
- Carpets and rugs: Lightly dust carpets and rugs, then vacuum thoroughly after a few days.
- Around food storage areas: Be cautious around food and ensure proper ventilation.
Application Techniques: Less is More
A thin, even layer of DE is far more effective than a thick clump. Use a duster or applicator to apply a light coating to the targeted areas. Avoid creating clouds of dust in the air. Remember, the bugs need to walk through it, not drown in it. Repeat applications may be necessary, especially after cleaning or vacuuming.
Safety Precautions: Protecting Yourself and Your Family
While food-grade DE is generally considered safe, it’s still important to take precautions:
- Wear a mask: Even food-grade DE can irritate the lungs if inhaled in large quantities. A simple dust mask will suffice.
- Avoid direct contact with eyes: If DE gets in your eyes, flush them thoroughly with water.
- Keep pets and children away during application: Prevent them from inhaling or ingesting DE.
- Ventilate the area: Open windows and doors to ensure proper ventilation.
- Clean up excess DE: Vacuum or wipe up any excess DE after the treatment period.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Using Diatomaceous Earth in Your Home
Here are 12 common questions about using DE in your home, answered definitively and providing practical guidance:
FAQ 1: Is Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth Safe for My Pets?
Yes, food-grade DE is generally considered safe for pets when used externally for flea control or as a dietary supplement in small amounts. However, always consult with your veterinarian before adding it to their diet. Avoid getting it in their eyes or nose, and monitor them for any adverse reactions.
FAQ 2: How Long Does Diatomaceous Earth Take to Kill Pests?
DE doesn’t work instantly. It typically takes several days to a week to see noticeable results. Pests need to come into contact with the DE for it to be effective. Patience is key.
FAQ 3: Does Diatomaceous Earth Work on Bed Bugs?
Yes, DE can be an effective tool in controlling bed bugs when used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Focus on applying it to cracks and crevices in and around the bed, along baseboards, and in any other areas where bed bugs might hide. Regular vacuuming is also essential.
FAQ 4: Will Diatomaceous Earth Harm My Plants?
DE can actually be beneficial for plants. It can help control certain pests and improve soil drainage. However, avoid applying it directly to flower blossoms, as it can harm pollinating insects.
FAQ 5: How Often Should I Reapply Diatomaceous Earth?
Reapply DE as needed, particularly after cleaning, vacuuming, or if you notice pest activity returning. A light dusting every few weeks may be sufficient to maintain control.
FAQ 6: Can I Use Diatomaceous Earth in My Garden?
Yes, food-grade DE is widely used in gardens to control a variety of pests, including aphids, slugs, and caterpillars. Apply it directly to plants and the surrounding soil.
FAQ 7: Does Diatomaceous Earth Expire?
DE doesn’t technically expire, but its effectiveness can diminish over time if it absorbs moisture. Store it in a dry, airtight container to maintain its potency.
FAQ 8: Can Diatomaceous Earth Be Used in Humid Environments?
DE can become less effective in humid environments as moisture clumps the powder together, reducing its ability to pierce insect exoskeletons. Reapplication may be necessary more frequently in humid climates.
FAQ 9: Where Can I Buy Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth?
Food-grade DE can be purchased online from reputable retailers or at farm supply stores, garden centers, and some health food stores. Always check the label to ensure it is specifically labeled as “food-grade.”
FAQ 10: Can I Mix Diatomaceous Earth with Water for Easier Application?
Mixing DE with water can create a slurry that’s easier to apply to certain surfaces. However, it will only be effective once the water evaporates, leaving behind the DE powder.
FAQ 11: Is There Anything Diatomaceous Earth Doesn’t Work On?
DE is not effective against pests that don’t have exoskeletons, such as nematodes. It’s also less effective against pests that rarely come into contact with treated surfaces.
FAQ 12: What Are the Potential Side Effects of Using Diatomaceous Earth?
The most common side effects are respiratory irritation from inhaling the dust and skin irritation from direct contact. Always wear a mask and gloves when applying DE, and avoid getting it in your eyes.
Conclusion: Diatomaceous Earth – A Natural Ally for Pest Control
Diatomaceous earth, particularly food-grade DE, offers a natural and effective alternative to chemical pesticides for controlling pests in your home. By understanding the different types of DE, applying it safely and effectively, and taking necessary precautions, you can harness its power to create a pest-free environment for you and your family. Remember, food-grade only, light dusting, and prioritize safety!