Which Country is Recognized Only by Turkey? A Deep Dive
The only country recognized solely by Turkey is the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a self-declared state located on the northern portion of the island of Cyprus. This recognition remains highly controversial and significantly impacts international relations.
Introduction: A Divided Island, A Singular Recognition
The status of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is a complex and sensitive issue rooted in the historical and political division of the island of Cyprus. While many nations and international organizations acknowledge the de facto existence of the TRNC, only Turkey officially recognizes it as an independent sovereign state. This unique recognition creates a web of diplomatic challenges and impacts the ongoing efforts to resolve the Cyprus dispute. Understanding the history, context, and implications of this situation is crucial for comprehending the geopolitical landscape of the Eastern Mediterranean.
The Historical Context of the Cyprus Division
The division of Cyprus dates back to the 1974 Turkish invasion, triggered by a Greek Cypriot coup d’état aimed at unifying the island with Greece. Turkey, citing its role as a guarantor power under the Treaty of Guarantee, intervened militarily, leading to the occupation of the northern part of the island. Following years of political stalemate, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus declared its independence in 1983.
- 1960: Cyprus gains independence from Britain.
- 1974: Turkish invasion of Cyprus following a Greek Cypriot coup.
- 1983: The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus declares independence.
The International Response: Isolation and Non-Recognition
The international community, with the exception of Turkey, has largely condemned the declaration of independence by the TRNC and continues to regard the Republic of Cyprus as the sole legitimate authority over the entire island. Numerous United Nations Security Council resolutions have called for respect for the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of Cyprus.
This non-recognition has significant implications for the TRNC, impacting its:
- Economic development: Limited international trade and investment.
- Political legitimacy: Exclusion from international organizations and forums.
- Diplomatic relations: Reliance solely on Turkey for diplomatic support.
Turkey’s Rationale for Recognition
Turkey’s recognition of the TRNC is rooted in its commitment to protecting the rights and interests of Turkish Cypriots, whom they view as having suffered discrimination and persecution prior to the 1974 intervention. Turkey argues that the TRNC represents the will of the Turkish Cypriot population and deserves to be recognized as a sovereign state. Turkey also points to failed reunification efforts as justification for its continued support of the TRNC.
The Impact on Cyprus Reunification Efforts
The recognition of the TRNC by Turkey remains a major obstacle to resolving the Cyprus dispute and achieving a comprehensive settlement. Greek Cypriots view Turkey’s support for the TRNC as an ongoing occupation and a violation of Cypriot sovereignty. The presence of Turkish troops in Northern Cyprus further exacerbates tensions and hinders progress in negotiations.
The Future of the TRNC and Cyprus
The future of the TRNC and the island of Cyprus remains uncertain. While efforts to achieve a negotiated settlement have been ongoing for decades, significant differences remain between the two sides. The discovery of natural gas reserves in the Eastern Mediterranean has further complicated the situation, raising questions about resource sharing and maritime boundaries. Which country is recognized only by Turkey? The continued recognition of the TRNC by Turkey will undoubtedly play a central role in shaping the future of the island.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What exactly is the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus?
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a self-declared state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. It declared independence in 1983 following the 1974 Turkish intervention. While it functions as a separate entity with its own government and institutions, it is only recognized as a sovereign state by Turkey.
Why doesn’t the international community recognize the TRNC?
The international community largely views the TRNC as the result of an illegal occupation and a violation of the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus. Recognizing the TRNC would be seen as legitimizing the consequences of military intervention and undermining international law. The United Nations continues to call for a peaceful resolution to the Cyprus dispute based on a bi-zonal, bi-communal federation.
How does Turkey support the TRNC?
Turkey provides significant economic, political, and military support to the TRNC. This includes financial aid, infrastructure development, and security guarantees. Turkey’s support is essential for the TRNC’s survival, given its international isolation.
What is the legal basis for Turkey’s involvement in Cyprus?
Turkey cites its role as a guarantor power under the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee as justification for its 1974 intervention. The treaty gave Britain, Greece, and Turkey the right to intervene to restore constitutional order in Cyprus. However, the legality of Turkey’s actions remains highly debated.
What are the implications of the TRNC’s limited recognition?
The TRNC’s limited recognition has far-reaching implications, restricting its ability to engage in international trade, attract foreign investment, and participate in international organizations. It also affects the movement of people and goods to and from the TRNC.
Has there ever been a possibility of a united Cyprus?
Yes, there have been numerous attempts to reunify Cyprus, most notably the Annan Plan in 2004, which was supported by the Turkish Cypriots but rejected by the Greek Cypriots in a referendum. Further negotiations have taken place since then, but a comprehensive settlement remains elusive.
What is the role of the UN in the Cyprus dispute?
The United Nations has been involved in Cyprus since the 1960s, maintaining a peacekeeping force (UNFICYP) on the island and facilitating negotiations between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. The UN Security Council has also passed numerous resolutions condemning the declaration of independence of the TRNC.
How does the Cyprus dispute affect Turkey-EU relations?
The Cyprus dispute is a major obstacle to Turkey’s accession to the European Union. The EU recognizes the Republic of Cyprus as a member state and has repeatedly called on Turkey to normalize relations with Cyprus and support a comprehensive settlement.
What is the economic situation in the TRNC?
The TRNC’s economy is heavily reliant on Turkey. Tourism and education are important sectors, but the economy faces challenges due to international isolation and limited access to international markets.
Are there Turkish Cypriots living in the TRNC?
Yes, the TRNC is primarily populated by Turkish Cypriots. However, there are also some Turkish settlers who have migrated from mainland Turkey since 1974, a situation that has been a source of contention.
What are the different perspectives on the issue of Which country is recognized only by Turkey?
Greek Cypriots see Turkey’s recognition as an act of aggression and a violation of international law, whereas Turkish Cypriots view it as an essential safeguard against discrimination and a guarantee of their rights. Turkey considers its recognition a necessary measure to protect the Turkish Cypriot community.
What potential solutions exist for the Cyprus problem?
Various solutions have been proposed, including a bi-zonal, bi-communal federation, a confederation, and even a two-state solution. However, reaching a consensus on a mutually acceptable solution remains a significant challenge. The most commonly discussed model remains the bi-zonal, bi-communal federation, but disagreements persist over issues such as power-sharing, property rights, and the presence of Turkish troops.