Are Pitbulls Supposed to Be Merle? Unveiling the Genetic Truth
Are pitbulls supposed to be merle? No, the merle gene is not naturally occurring in the American Pit Bull Terrier breed. Its presence usually indicates crossbreeding with other breeds.
Understanding the Merle Gene
The merle gene is a dominant gene that affects pigmentation, creating mottled patches of color in a solid or piebald coat. It can affect all coat colors, as well as pigment in the eyes and skin. While visually striking, it’s important to understand its implications, particularly concerning pitbulls, where its presence is not part of the breed standard.
The American Pit Bull Terrier Breed Standard and Merle
The American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT), recognized by organizations like the United Kennel Club (UKC), has specific breed standards. These standards define the desired characteristics of the breed, including temperament, structure, and acceptable coat colors. Merle is not listed as an acceptable color. This is a crucial point when considering whether pitbulls are supposed to be merle.
How Merle Appears in Pitbulls
If a pitbull displays the merle pattern, it’s almost certainly due to the introduction of genes from other breeds that naturally carry the merle gene. This often involves crossbreeding with breeds like:
- Australian Shepherds
- Border Collies
- Great Danes
- Catahoula Leopard Dogs
It’s unlikely that a purebred APBT will exhibit the merle pattern without recent crossbreeding.
Health Concerns Associated with the Merle Gene
While aesthetically pleasing to some, the merle gene is linked to potential health problems, particularly when two merle dogs are bred together. This can result in double merle offspring, which have a significantly higher risk of:
- Deafness
- Blindness
- Other eye defects
Breeding pitbulls with merle can inadvertently introduce these risks, requiring responsible breeding practices to minimize the possibility of affected puppies.
The Ethics of Breeding Merle Pitbulls
The presence of the merle gene in pitbulls raises ethical questions. Some breeders intentionally introduce the gene to create “rare” or “exotic” dogs for higher prices. This practice is often frowned upon by responsible breeders who prioritize breed integrity and the health and well-being of their dogs. The demand for merle pitbulls can encourage irresponsible breeding practices that prioritize profit over ethical considerations.
Testing for the Merle Gene
Genetic testing can determine if a pitbull carries the merle gene. This is especially important for breeders who want to avoid unknowingly producing merle puppies. Several companies offer DNA tests that can identify the presence of the M gene (merle).
The Impact on Breed Recognition
The presence of merle in a pitbull can affect its eligibility for registration with some kennel clubs, especially those with strict breed standards. Dogs exhibiting non-standard colors may not be allowed to compete in conformation events. This highlights the importance of understanding the breed standards and the potential consequences of introducing non-standard traits.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is the merle gene a mutation in the American Pit Bull Terrier breed?
No, the merle gene is not a natural mutation within the American Pit Bull Terrier lineage. It’s almost always introduced through crossbreeding with other breeds that carry the merle gene naturally. The American Pit Bull Terrier breed standard does not recognize merle as an acceptable color.
What health problems are associated with merle pitbulls?
Merle dogs, particularly double merles (MM), are more prone to deafness and blindness. Eye defects, like microphthalmia (abnormally small eyes) and colobomas (gaps in eye structures), are also seen. Responsible breeders should carefully screen their dogs to minimize these risks.
Can a pitbull be registered with the UKC or ADBA if it is merle?
The United Kennel Club (UKC) recognizes the American Pit Bull Terrier, but its standard does not include merle as an acceptable color. The American Dog Breeders Association (ADBA) also generally adheres to similar breed standards. A merle pitbull may not be eligible for full registration.
How can I tell if a pitbull is a purebred if it’s merle?
Determining if a merle pitbull is purebred can be challenging without genetic testing. A DNA test can help identify the presence of genes from other breeds, indicating crossbreeding. A pedigree analysis can also provide insights into the dog’s lineage.
Are merle pitbulls more expensive?
Unfortunately, yes. Due to their “rarity,” merle pitbulls are often sold at higher prices. This demand can encourage unethical breeding practices, so it’s crucial to find responsible breeders prioritizing health and temperament over color.
What is “double merle” and why is it dangerous?
“Double merle” refers to dogs that inherit the merle gene from both parents (MM). These dogs are at a significantly higher risk of deafness, blindness, and other serious health problems. Breeding two merle dogs is highly discouraged.
What other coat colors are considered “non-standard” for pitbulls?
While the American Pit Bull Terrier breed standard is relatively open regarding coat colors, certain patterns like merle, and dilutions like extreme dilute blues (sometimes called “isabella”), are generally considered non-standard and may raise concerns about the dog’s pedigree.
If a pitbull has merle coloring, does that automatically mean it’s a bad dog?
No, coat color does not determine temperament. However, the presence of merle can be an indicator of crossbreeding, which might indirectly affect temperament. Responsible breeders carefully select for temperament alongside health and conformation.
Should I buy a merle pitbull?
That’s a personal decision. Carefully consider the potential health risks, the ethics of breeding for non-standard colors, and the breeder’s reputation. If you proceed, choose a breeder who prioritizes health testing and responsible breeding practices.
How can I find a reputable breeder who focuses on the health and temperament of their pitbulls?
Look for breeders who are transparent about their breeding practices, conduct thorough health testing on their dogs (including genetic testing), and are knowledgeable about the breed standard. Ask for references from other buyers or veterinarians. Visiting the breeder’s facility is essential to observe the dogs’ living conditions and interact with them.
What is the history of merle in bully breeds?
The merle gene is not historically present in the original lineages of American Pit Bull Terriers. Its introduction is a more recent phenomenon driven by breeder attempts to create novel color patterns, often through crossbreeding with breeds that naturally carry the merle gene. This practice is debated within the bully breed community.
What are the ethical considerations surrounding breeding pitbulls with non-standard colors?
Breeding for non-standard colors like merle can prioritize aesthetics over the health and well-being of the dogs. It can encourage irresponsible breeding practices, leading to an increase in health problems. Responsible breeders prioritize preserving the breed’s original characteristics and promoting healthy, well-tempered dogs.