How to Check for Radon Gas?
The simplest way to check for radon gas is by using a radon test kit, readily available online or at hardware stores. However, for accurate and reliable results, especially when buying or selling a property, professional radon testing by a certified mitigation expert is strongly recommended.
Understanding the Radon Threat
Radon is a naturally occurring, invisible, odorless, and tasteless radioactive gas that forms from the decay of uranium in soil, rock, and water. It’s a serious health hazard; in fact, the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) estimates that radon is the leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers in the United States. When radon gas seeps into buildings through cracks in foundations, walls, or floors, it can accumulate to dangerous levels. Prolonged exposure significantly increases the risk of developing lung cancer. Therefore, testing for radon is a crucial step in protecting your health and the health of your family.
Radon Testing: Your First Line of Defense
Testing for radon is the only way to know if you and your family are at risk. The process is relatively inexpensive and can be done quickly and easily. Two main types of radon tests are available: short-term tests and long-term tests.
Short-Term Radon Tests
Short-term tests are designed to measure radon levels over a period of 2 to 90 days. These tests are often used for initial screening and are ideal if you need results quickly, such as when buying or selling a home. There are several types of short-term tests, including:
- Charcoal canisters: These are passive devices that absorb radon gas over a set period. They are then sent to a lab for analysis.
- Alpha track detectors: These detectors record the alpha particles emitted by radon gas. Like charcoal canisters, they need to be sent to a lab for analysis.
- Electret ion chamber tests: These tests use an electrically charged disk to measure radon levels. They can provide results more quickly than charcoal canisters or alpha track detectors.
It’s vital to follow the instructions provided with the test kit carefully to ensure accurate results. Keep windows and doors closed during the testing period to prevent ventilation from diluting the radon concentration.
Long-Term Radon Tests
Long-term tests measure radon levels over a period of 90 days or more. These tests provide a more accurate picture of your average radon exposure, as radon levels can fluctuate significantly from day to day. Long-term tests are particularly useful for determining if radon mitigation is necessary and for monitoring radon levels after mitigation has been performed. Alpha track detectors are often used for long-term testing.
Professional Radon Testing
While DIY test kits are useful for initial screening, professional radon testing by a certified mitigation specialist offers the most accurate and reliable results. Professionals use calibrated equipment, have expertise in interpreting test results, and can identify potential sources of radon entry. Furthermore, a professional radon test is usually required during real estate transactions. Certified professionals can also advise on radon mitigation strategies if elevated levels are detected. You can find certified radon professionals through organizations like the National Radon Proficiency Program (NRPP) or the American Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists (AARST).
Interpreting Radon Test Results
Radon levels are measured in picocuries per liter (pCi/L). The EPA recommends taking action to mitigate radon if levels are 4 pCi/L or higher. Even levels between 2 pCi/L and 4 pCi/L warrant consideration of mitigation, especially if you spend a significant amount of time in the affected area. Remember that even low levels of radon can pose a health risk over time.
Radon Mitigation Strategies
If your radon test results are above the EPA’s action level, you should take steps to mitigate the problem. Common mitigation techniques include:
- Sub-slab depressurization: This involves installing a vent pipe and fan to draw radon gas from beneath the foundation and exhaust it safely outside. This is the most common and effective mitigation method.
- Sealing cracks and openings: Sealing cracks in foundations and around pipes can help prevent radon from entering your home. However, sealing alone is usually not enough to reduce radon levels to acceptable levels.
- Ventilation: Increasing ventilation can help dilute radon concentrations in your home. This can be achieved by opening windows or installing a ventilation system.
It is strongly advised to consult with a certified radon mitigation professional to determine the best mitigation strategy for your specific situation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: How often should I test for radon?
It’s recommended to test your home for radon every two years. If you make any significant changes to your home, such as renovations or foundation repairs, you should test again. If your previous test results were near the action level (4 pCi/L), you should test more frequently.
Q2: Can radon be found in well water?
Yes, radon can be present in well water. If you use well water, you should have it tested for radon. If radon levels are high in your water, you may need to install a water treatment system to remove the radon.
Q3: What is the difference between a radon test kit and hiring a professional?
Radon test kits are relatively inexpensive and easy to use for initial screening. However, professional testing is more accurate and reliable, using calibrated equipment and offering expert interpretation of results. Professionals can also identify potential sources of radon entry and recommend appropriate mitigation strategies. Professional testing is often required during real estate transactions.
Q4: Where is the best place to put a radon test kit?
Place the test kit in the lowest livable level of your home, such as the basement or ground floor. Avoid placing it near windows, doors, or vents, as these areas can be affected by drafts. Follow the instructions provided with the test kit carefully.
Q5: Can I open windows during a radon test?
No, you should keep windows and doors closed during a short-term radon test. This helps ensure accurate results by preventing ventilation from diluting the radon concentration. Long-term tests are less sensitive to short-term ventilation changes.
Q6: How long does it take to get radon test results?
The time it takes to get radon test results depends on the type of test you use. Short-term test results are typically available within a few days to a week after the test is completed. Long-term test results may take several weeks.
Q7: Is radon testing required when selling a house?
Radon testing requirements vary by state and local regulations. Even if not legally required, it is often recommended as a standard practice to disclose radon levels to potential buyers. This can help to avoid potential legal issues and ensure a smoother real estate transaction.
Q8: Does radon only affect basements?
While radon is often found at higher concentrations in basements due to their proximity to the ground, it can affect any level of a home. Radon can seep into buildings through cracks in foundations, walls, and floors, regardless of the location.
Q9: If I live in an apartment, do I need to test for radon?
Yes, if you live in a ground-level apartment or an apartment with a basement, you should test for radon. Radon can seep into apartments just as it can into houses.
Q10: What is the cost of radon mitigation?
The cost of radon mitigation varies depending on the mitigation method used and the size of your home. Sub-slab depressurization systems typically cost between $800 and $2,500.
Q11: Can radon levels change over time?
Yes, radon levels can fluctuate over time due to changes in weather, soil conditions, and building construction. That’s why regular testing is important.
Q12: Does a new home need to be tested for radon?
Yes, even new homes should be tested for radon. Radon is a naturally occurring gas and can be present in any area, regardless of whether the home is new or old. Many builders now offer radon-resistant construction techniques, but testing is still essential to verify effectiveness.