What Shotgun Does the Military Use for Breaching? Unveiling the Secrets
The US military primarily uses the M1014 Joint Service Combat Shotgun (JSCS), more commonly known as the Benelli M4, for breaching operations, though other shotguns may see limited use depending on the specific unit and mission.
Introduction: The Breaching Shotgun – A Critical Tool
Breaching is a critical military tactic employed to rapidly gain entry into fortified structures, vehicles, or other secured locations. The shotgun, with its ability to deliver concentrated force at close range, is a frequently used tool for this purpose. The specific shotgun selected for breaching must be reliable, durable, and capable of effectively defeating various types of doors and locking mechanisms. Understanding what shotgun does the military use for breaching is essential for comprehending the tactical considerations and equipment involved in these operations.
The Benelli M4: The Military’s Workhorse
The Benelli M4 is the primary shotgun that the military uses for breaching. This semi-automatic shotgun offers a robust platform, high reliability, and the capability to rapidly deliver multiple breaching rounds. It’s designed to withstand the harsh conditions of combat and provide consistent performance in demanding environments.
Benefits of the Benelli M4 for Breaching
The Benelli M4 offers several advantages that make it ideal for military breaching operations:
- Semi-Automatic Action: Allows for faster follow-up shots compared to pump-action shotguns.
- Durability: Built to withstand harsh environments and rigorous use.
- Reliability: Known for consistent performance even in adverse conditions.
- Adjustable Stock: Provides a customizable fit for different operators.
- Accessory Rails: Allows for the attachment of lights, lasers, and other tactical accessories.
The Breaching Round: Specialized Ammunition
The shotgun that the military uses for breaching isn’t just about the firearm itself; it’s also about the ammunition. Breaching rounds are specifically designed to destroy door hinges, locks, and other components of a door frame, allowing for rapid entry. These rounds are typically composed of frangible materials, such as powdered metal, which disintegrate upon impact to minimize the risk of over-penetration and injury to individuals on the other side of the door. They are designed to transfer maximum energy to the target.
The Breaching Process: Step-by-Step
The breaching process typically involves the following steps:
- Assessment: Evaluate the door and surrounding area to determine the best breaching points.
- Positioning: Assume a stable stance and position the shotgun close to the target.
- Aiming: Aim for the hinges, lock, or the area between the door and the frame.
- Firing: Fire the breaching round with controlled precision.
- Verification: Ensure the door is sufficiently weakened or opened before attempting entry.
- Entry: Swiftly and decisively enter the breached area.
Common Mistakes in Breaching
Even with the right equipment, errors in technique can compromise a breaching operation. Common mistakes include:
- Improper Aim: Failing to accurately target the weak points of the door.
- Insufficient Force: Not using enough breaching rounds to effectively defeat the door.
- Over-Penetration: Firing rounds that pass through the door and pose a risk to individuals on the other side.
- Neglecting Safety: Failing to maintain proper muzzle control and awareness of surroundings.
- Rushing the Process: Not taking the necessary time to assess the situation and plan the breaching operation effectively.
Other Shotguns Used in Military Applications
While the Benelli M4 is the primary breaching shotgun, other shotguns have seen use in specific roles or by specialized units. These can include:
- Mossberg 500/590: A reliable and widely used pump-action shotgun, often used for general-purpose roles.
- Remington 870: Another popular pump-action shotgun with a long history of military service.
Historical Context: The Evolution of the Military Breaching Shotgun
The use of shotguns for breaching dates back several decades. Early models were often standard military shotguns adapted for the role. As tactics evolved and specialized breaching ammunition became available, the need for a dedicated breaching shotgun became apparent. The Benelli M4 was eventually selected as the standard issue shotgun for military breaching due to its superior performance and reliability.
Table: Comparison of Breaching Shotguns
| Feature | Benelli M4 (M1014) | Mossberg 500/590 | Remington 870 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —————– | ———————- | ——————- | —————- |
| Action | Semi-Automatic | Pump-Action | Pump-Action |
| Magazine Capacity | 5-7 rounds | 5-9 rounds | 4-7 rounds |
| Reliability | Excellent | Good | Good |
| Durability | Excellent | Good | Good |
| Weight | ~8.4 lbs | ~7-7.5 lbs | ~7-7.5 lbs |
| Primary Use | Breaching, Combat | General Purpose | General Purpose |
Conclusion: Mastering the Breaching Shotgun
Effectively using a shotgun that the military uses for breaching requires more than just owning the right equipment. It demands comprehensive training, a thorough understanding of breaching techniques, and a commitment to safety. When used properly, the breaching shotgun can be an invaluable tool for military operations, enabling rapid entry into secured locations and providing a decisive tactical advantage.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What type of ammunition is used in breaching shotguns?
Breaching rounds are typically frangible, meaning they are designed to disintegrate upon impact to reduce the risk of over-penetration. These rounds are often made of powdered metal and are optimized for transferring maximum energy to the target.
Is the Benelli M4 the only shotgun used for breaching by the military?
While the Benelli M4 is the standard issue shotgun for breaching, other shotguns like the Mossberg 500/590 and Remington 870 may be used in certain circumstances or by specific units for similar, or support roles.
What makes the Benelli M4 a good breaching shotgun?
The Benelli M4’s semi-automatic action, durability, and reliability make it well-suited for the demanding conditions of breaching operations. Its adjustable stock and accessory rails also enhance its versatility.
How does the frangible ammunition work?
Frangible ammunition is designed to break apart upon impact, minimizing the risk of injury to individuals on the other side of the breached barrier. This also reduces the chance of ricochet.
What is the effective range of a breaching shotgun?
Breaching shotguns are designed for very close-range use, typically within a few feet of the target. This allows for maximum energy transfer and controlled breaching.
What kind of training do military personnel receive on breaching shotguns?
Military personnel receive extensive training on the safe and effective use of breaching shotguns. This training covers topics such as weapon handling, aiming techniques, and breaching procedures.
What are the safety precautions to take when using a breaching shotgun?
It’s crucial to maintain proper muzzle control, wear appropriate protective gear, and be aware of the surroundings when using a breaching shotgun. Avoiding over-penetration is a key safety concern.
How do you aim a breaching shotgun?
Aiming involves targeting the weak points of the door, such as the hinges, lock, or the area between the door and the frame. Precision is critical to ensure effective breaching.
Can civilian law enforcement use the same breaching shotguns and ammunition?
Yes, many civilian law enforcement agencies use similar shotguns and frangible ammunition for breaching operations. However, availability may be restricted depending on local regulations.
Why is over-penetration a concern in breaching operations?
Over-penetration can pose a significant risk of injury or death to individuals on the other side of the breached barrier. It is vital to use frangible ammunition and control the number of rounds fired.
Are there alternative breaching methods besides using a shotgun?
Yes, alternative breaching methods include using battering rams, explosives, and hydraulic tools. The choice of method depends on the specific circumstances and the type of barrier being breached.
How often are military breaching shotguns maintained and inspected?
Military breaching shotguns are regularly maintained and inspected to ensure their reliability and performance. These inspections are conducted according to strict military standards and procedures.