What the Bible Says About Climate Change: Stewardship, Justice, and Hope
The Bible doesn’t explicitly use the term “climate change,” but its foundational principles unequivocally call for responsible stewardship of the earth, concern for the vulnerable, and a commitment to justice – all of which are directly relevant to the current climate crisis. Scripture provides a robust framework for understanding our relationship with the natural world and the ethical obligations that arise from that relationship.
Creation and Our Responsibility
The very first chapters of Genesis establish humanity’s unique role in creation. God creates the world and declares it “good,” then entrusts it to humanity, commanding them to “fill the earth and subdue it” (Genesis 1:28) and to “till it and keep it” (Genesis 2:15). This isn’t a license for exploitation but a call to responsible stewardship.
Dominion vs. Domination
The Hebrew word translated as “subdue” often carries connotations of domination, leading to misunderstandings. However, a deeper examination reveals that the intended meaning involves responsible management and cultivation. We are meant to care for and protect the environment, recognizing it as a gift from God, not simply a resource to be plundered. The phrase “till it and keep it” further emphasizes this responsibility. “Keep it” (shamar in Hebrew) means to guard, protect, and preserve. This reinforces the concept of being caretakers rather than exploiters.
A Broken Covenant
The Old Testament prophets frequently condemn the people of Israel for their injustices and disobedience, linking these actions to the degradation of the land. Droughts, famines, and ecological disasters are often presented as consequences of social and spiritual corruption. This suggests that our actions have real-world consequences, impacting not only human society but also the environment. The concept of covenant in the Bible underscores our responsibility to God and to creation. When we break that covenant through greed, selfishness, and disregard for the natural world, we disrupt the delicate balance God intended.
Justice and the Vulnerable
The Bible repeatedly emphasizes God’s concern for the poor and marginalized. Climate change disproportionately impacts these vulnerable populations, exacerbating existing inequalities. Rising sea levels displace coastal communities, extreme weather events destroy livelihoods, and droughts lead to food shortages – all affecting the poorest and most disadvantaged individuals most severely.
The Widows, Orphans, and Strangers
The Old Testament repeatedly calls for the protection of widows, orphans, and strangers – those most vulnerable in society. Similarly, we must recognize the vulnerability of future generations, who will inherit the consequences of our actions today. Ignoring the climate crisis is essentially neglecting our duty to protect those who are least able to protect themselves.
Loving Our Neighbors
Jesus’s commandment to “love your neighbor as yourself” (Matthew 22:39) extends beyond immediate personal relationships. It calls us to consider the well-being of all people, including those affected by climate change in distant lands. This requires a commitment to environmental justice, ensuring that the burdens and benefits of environmental policies are distributed fairly.
Hope and Restoration
While the Bible acknowledges the brokenness of the world, it also offers a message of hope and restoration. The prophets envision a future where creation is healed and harmony is restored. This vision inspires us to work towards a better future, even in the face of seemingly insurmountable challenges.
A New Creation
The New Testament speaks of a “new heaven and a new earth” (Revelation 21:1), suggesting a future where creation is fully redeemed. While this is ultimately a supernatural event, it also calls us to participate in God’s restorative work in the present. We can work to heal the environment, promote sustainable practices, and advocate for policies that protect both people and the planet.
The Power of Transformation
The Christian faith emphasizes the power of transformation. Just as individuals can be transformed through faith, societies can be transformed through collective action. Addressing climate change requires a fundamental shift in our values and priorities, moving away from consumerism and towards a more sustainable and just way of life.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
FAQ 1: Does the Bible support the idea that humans have dominion over the earth to exploit it as they see fit?
No. While Genesis 1:28 grants humanity “dominion,” it’s crucial to understand this dominion as responsible stewardship. The Hebrew word “radah” (dominion) implies leadership and care, not unchecked exploitation. Similarly, the command to “subdue” the earth is not a license to plunder but a call to cultivate and manage it wisely. Genesis 2:15 reinforces this understanding by instructing humans to “till” and “keep” the garden, highlighting the responsibility to protect and preserve creation.
FAQ 2: If God created the earth, why worry about climate change? Isn’t it all in God’s hands?
While God is sovereign, the Bible also emphasizes human responsibility. God gave humanity the task of caring for creation. To ignore the climate crisis, which is largely driven by human activity, would be a dereliction of that responsibility. Furthermore, God works through people. We are called to be instruments of his will, addressing injustice and promoting healing in the world. Praying for solutions is important, but it must be accompanied by action.
FAQ 3: How does climate change relate to biblical concepts of justice?
Climate change disproportionately affects the poor and vulnerable, exacerbating existing inequalities. Rising sea levels displace coastal communities, droughts lead to famine, and extreme weather events destroy livelihoods, all impacting those least able to cope. The Bible repeatedly emphasizes God’s concern for the marginalized, making climate action a matter of biblical justice. Addressing climate change is a way to love our neighbors, particularly those most vulnerable.
FAQ 4: What does the Bible say about the role of science in understanding the environment?
The Bible doesn’t explicitly address modern science, but it encourages us to observe and learn from the natural world. Proverbs speaks of wisdom and understanding, and scientific inquiry can be seen as a way of gaining deeper insights into God’s creation. Trusting scientific evidence about climate change is not contrary to faith; it is a responsible way to engage with the world God created.
FAQ 5: Are there any examples in the Bible of environmental disasters being linked to human sin?
Yes. Throughout the Old Testament, the prophets often connect environmental degradation to social injustice and spiritual corruption. Droughts, famines, and plagues are sometimes presented as consequences of the people’s failure to uphold their covenant with God. While not every environmental disaster is a direct result of specific sins, these examples suggest a connection between human actions and the health of the environment.
FAQ 6: How can Christians balance concern for the environment with concern for economic development?
This is a complex challenge. The Bible calls us to care for both people and the planet. Sustainable development seeks to find ways to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This requires innovative solutions that promote economic growth while minimizing environmental impact. It also calls for a re-evaluation of our priorities, moving away from consumerism and towards a more equitable and sustainable model of development.
FAQ 7: What does the Bible say about consumption and materialism?
The Bible warns against the dangers of excessive consumption and materialism. Jesus taught that “life does not consist in an abundance of possessions” (Luke 12:15). The pursuit of wealth and material possessions can distract us from our relationship with God and our responsibilities to others. A simpler lifestyle, focused on gratitude and generosity, is more aligned with biblical values.
FAQ 8: What are some practical steps Christians can take to address climate change?
Practical steps include reducing energy consumption (e.g., using energy-efficient appliances, driving less, conserving water), supporting renewable energy sources, advocating for climate-friendly policies, and adopting a more sustainable lifestyle. Engaging in community initiatives, supporting organizations working on climate solutions, and educating others about the issue are also important.
FAQ 9: How can churches get involved in addressing climate change?
Churches can play a significant role by educating their congregations about the issue, promoting sustainable practices within the church community, advocating for climate-friendly policies, and partnering with other organizations working on environmental justice. They can also provide a moral and spiritual framework for understanding the climate crisis and inspiring action.
FAQ 10: Is it too late to do anything about climate change?
While the challenge is significant, the Bible teaches us to never lose hope. God is a God of restoration, and even in the face of seemingly insurmountable challenges, we can still work towards a better future. It’s important to remember that every action, no matter how small, can make a difference. Delaying action only makes the problem worse.
FAQ 11: How can Christians engage in respectful dialogue with those who hold different views on climate change?
Engaging in respectful dialogue requires humility, empathy, and a willingness to listen. Start by finding common ground, such as a shared concern for future generations or a desire to protect the environment. Focus on the facts, avoid personal attacks, and be willing to acknowledge areas of uncertainty. Remember that building relationships and fostering understanding is often more effective than winning arguments.
FAQ 12: What is the ultimate hope for creation according to the Bible?
The Bible speaks of a “new heaven and a new earth” (Revelation 21:1), a future where creation is fully redeemed and restored. This is not simply a return to the Garden of Eden but a transformation of the entire cosmos. While this is ultimately a supernatural event, it inspires us to work towards a better future in the present, knowing that God’s ultimate plan is to heal and restore all things. This hope motivates us to be faithful stewards of creation and to work for justice and peace in the world.