What Does a Fox Squirrel Look Like?
Fox squirrels are the largest tree squirrels in North America, characterized by their impressive size, typically grayish-brown fur, and often distinctive orange or reddish-brown undersides. What does a fox squirrel look like? It is an image of robust squirrel, both captivating and easily distinguishable from its smaller relatives.
Introduction to the Magnificent Fox Squirrel
Fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) are a common sight across much of the eastern and central United States, as well as parts of Mexico and Canada. These fascinating creatures are far more than just bushy-tailed rodents; they are integral to the ecosystems they inhabit, playing a crucial role in seed dispersal and forest regeneration. Understanding their unique appearance is key to appreciating their place in the natural world.
Size and Physical Characteristics
What does a fox squirrel look like? One of its most defining features is its size. They are significantly larger than the more common gray squirrel, averaging between 19 and 29 inches in length, including their bushy tail. Their weight can range from 1 to 3 pounds. Key physical characteristics include:
- Body: Robust and muscular, built for climbing and leaping.
- Tail: Long and bushy, approximately half the length of their body, used for balance and communication.
- Ears: Relatively small and rounded, covered with short fur.
- Eyes: Large and dark, providing excellent vision.
- Paws: Equipped with sharp claws for gripping bark and other surfaces.
Coloration and Markings
Fox squirrels exhibit a wide range of color variations, depending on their geographic location and individual genetics. While the typical coloration is a grizzled grayish-brown, they can also be found in shades of black, reddish-brown, and even silver-gray. A hallmark trait is the presence of an orange or reddish-brown underside, which contrasts sharply with their dorsal fur.
Regional variations in coloration can be quite striking. For example, in some areas, fox squirrels may have a completely black coat, while in others, they may sport a vibrant reddish-orange hue.
Distinguishing Fox Squirrels from Gray Squirrels
While both fox squirrels and gray squirrels are common tree squirrels, there are several key differences that can help you distinguish between the two:
| Feature | Fox Squirrel | Gray Squirrel |
|---|---|---|
| —————– | ————————————————- | —————————————————— |
| Size | Larger (19-29 inches) | Smaller (16-20 inches) |
| Color | Grayish-brown with orange/reddish underside | Gray with white or light gray underside |
| Tail | Bushier, often with reddish or orange tint | Less bushy, usually gray |
| Geographic Range | Wider, overlapping with gray squirrel range | More concentrated in eastern North America |
| Behavior | More terrestrial, often seen foraging on the ground | More arboreal, preferring to stay in trees |
Habitat and Behavior
Fox squirrels are adaptable creatures, found in a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, urban parks, and even agricultural areas. They are most active during the day (diurnal) and spend their time foraging for food, building nests, and raising young. They are known for their impressive leaping ability, able to jump up to 15 feet between branches. Their diet consists primarily of nuts, seeds, fruits, fungi, and insects. They also bury nuts to store for later use, a behavior that helps with seed dispersal and new plant growth.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Are fox squirrels the same as red squirrels?
No, fox squirrels and red squirrels are distinct species. Red squirrels are smaller, have a more uniform reddish-brown coloration, and are typically found in coniferous forests. Fox squirrels are larger, have variable coloration, and inhabit a wider range of habitats.
What is the typical lifespan of a fox squirrel?
In the wild, fox squirrels typically live for 5 to 8 years. However, in captivity, they can live for up to 12 years. Predators, diseases, and habitat loss can all impact their lifespan in the wild.
Do fox squirrels hibernate during the winter?
No, fox squirrels do not hibernate. They remain active throughout the winter, relying on their stored food caches to survive. They may become less active during periods of extreme cold or snow.
How do fox squirrels build their nests?
Fox squirrels build two types of nests: leaf nests and cavity nests. Leaf nests are constructed from twigs, leaves, and other plant material, and are typically located in the branches of trees. Cavity nests are built inside tree hollows or other natural cavities.
What is the conservation status of fox squirrels?
Fox squirrels are currently listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their populations are generally stable, although they may face threats from habitat loss, hunting, and vehicle collisions.
What do fox squirrels eat?
Fox squirrels are omnivores with a diet that varies depending on the season and availability of food. Their primary food sources include nuts, seeds, fruits, fungi, insects, and occasionally small vertebrates. They play an important role in seed dispersal by burying nuts and seeds that they do not immediately consume.
How can I attract fox squirrels to my yard?
You can attract fox squirrels to your yard by providing them with food, water, and shelter. Planting trees that produce nuts and seeds, such as oak, hickory, and walnut, is a great way to attract them. You can also provide them with a bird feeder filled with sunflower seeds or peanuts.
Are fox squirrels aggressive towards humans?
Fox squirrels are generally not aggressive towards humans unless they feel threatened or are being hand-fed. It is important to observe them from a distance and avoid approaching them or attempting to touch them.
How many babies do fox squirrels have?
Fox squirrels typically have two litters per year, one in the spring and one in the late summer or early fall. Each litter usually consists of 1 to 5 young, called kits.
What predators do fox squirrels have?
Fox squirrels are preyed upon by a variety of predators, including hawks, owls, foxes, coyotes, bobcats, and snakes. Young squirrels are particularly vulnerable to predation.
Are fox squirrels good pets?
While it may seem tempting to keep a fox squirrel as a pet, it is generally not recommended. Fox squirrels are wild animals and are not well-suited to living in captivity. They require a large amount of space, a specialized diet, and enrichment to stay healthy and happy. In many areas, it is illegal to keep a fox squirrel as a pet without a permit.
What is the best way to help an injured fox squirrel?
If you find an injured fox squirrel, do not attempt to handle it yourself. Contact a local wildlife rehabilitator or animal control agency for assistance. They will be able to safely capture the squirrel and provide it with the medical care it needs.