What Can Diatomaceous Earth Be Used For? A Comprehensive Guide
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a versatile and naturally occurring substance composed of the fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled algae. Its unique properties, primarily its abrasive nature and high absorbency, make it useful in a surprisingly wide range of applications, from pest control and gardening to industrial filtration and even human health.
Understanding Diatomaceous Earth
What is Diatomaceous Earth?
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a sedimentary rock formed over millions of years from the accumulation of diatom shells. These microscopic shells are made of silica, a naturally occurring compound found in sand, plants, and animals. The DE used commercially comes in two main grades: food-grade diatomaceous earth and filter-grade diatomaceous earth. Food-grade DE, used for animal feed and some human applications, has a lower crystalline silica content than filter-grade, which is primarily used in industrial processes and should never be ingested.
The Key Properties of DE
The effectiveness of DE in its various applications stems from its unique physical and chemical properties:
- Abrasiveness: The microscopic, sharp edges of the diatom shells are abrasive to small insects, disrupting their exoskeletons and leading to dehydration.
- Absorbency: DE is highly absorbent, capable of soaking up liquids several times its weight. This property makes it useful for drying out damp environments and absorbing spills.
- Inertness: DE is chemically inert, meaning it doesn’t readily react with other substances. This makes it a safe and stable material for various applications.
- High Silica Content: The high silica content contributes to its strength and stability, making it resistant to degradation over time.
Applications in Agriculture and Gardening
Diatomaceous earth shines as a natural and effective solution for numerous agricultural and gardening challenges.
Natural Insecticide
Perhaps the most well-known use of DE is as a natural insecticide. It’s particularly effective against crawling insects like ants, cockroaches, fleas, bedbugs, and slugs. The microscopic shards of silica lacerate the insects’ exoskeletons, leading to dehydration and death. It is important to apply DE to dry surfaces as moisture renders it ineffective. Reapplication after rain is often necessary.
Soil Amendment
DE can improve soil drainage and aeration, especially in heavy clay soils. The porous structure of the diatom shells creates small air pockets, allowing for better root growth and water penetration. It also helps to retain moisture in sandy soils. Using DE as a soil amendment can contribute to healthier and more productive plants.
Livestock Feed Additive
Food-grade DE is often added to livestock feed. Proponents claim it helps control internal parasites, improves digestion, and promotes stronger bones and hooves. While research on these benefits is ongoing and sometimes contradictory, many farmers and ranchers swear by its effectiveness.
Industrial and Commercial Uses
Beyond agriculture, DE plays a crucial role in various industrial and commercial applications.
Filtration
Filter-grade DE is widely used in filtration processes across various industries. Its porous structure makes it an excellent filter aid for clarifying liquids such as beer, wine, juice, and swimming pool water. It removes impurities and particles, resulting in a clear and refined product.
Absorbent
Its high absorbency makes DE useful for cleaning up spills, especially oil and grease. It can also be used as a drying agent in various industrial processes.
Abrasive in Polishes and Cleaners
The mild abrasive properties of DE make it a valuable ingredient in polishing compounds, toothpaste, and facial scrubs. It helps to remove dirt and grime without being overly harsh.
Potential Health Benefits and Uses
While research is still ongoing, some studies suggest potential health benefits associated with the consumption of food-grade DE.
Detoxification
Some believe DE can help detoxify the body by binding to heavy metals and toxins in the digestive tract, allowing them to be excreted. However, scientific evidence supporting this claim is limited.
Cholesterol Reduction
Preliminary research suggests that DE may help lower cholesterol levels. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine optimal dosages.
Improved Digestive Health
DE is sometimes touted as a remedy for digestive issues like constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). While some anecdotal evidence exists, further research is required to validate these claims.
Important Note: Always consult with a healthcare professional before using DE for any health-related purpose.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Is diatomaceous earth safe for humans and pets?
Food-grade diatomaceous earth is generally considered safe for humans and pets when used as directed. However, inhalation of DE dust can irritate the lungs and eyes. Always wear a mask when applying it, especially in enclosed spaces. Filter-grade DE is not safe for consumption and should only be used for industrial applications.
2. How do I apply diatomaceous earth for pest control?
Apply a thin, even layer of DE to areas where pests are present, such as cracks, crevices, around baseboards, and in gardens. Avoid applying it in thick clumps, as this is less effective. Reapply after rain or if the DE gets wet.
3. How long does it take for diatomaceous earth to kill insects?
DE typically kills insects within 24-72 hours after contact. The exact timeframe depends on the type of insect, the amount of DE they come into contact with, and environmental conditions.
4. Can I use diatomaceous earth on my pet to control fleas?
Yes, food-grade DE can be used to control fleas on pets. Gently rub a small amount of DE into your pet’s fur, avoiding the eyes, nose, and mouth. Be sure to use only food-grade DE specifically labeled for pet use.
5. Will diatomaceous earth harm beneficial insects like bees?
DE can harm beneficial insects if they come into contact with it. To minimize the risk, avoid applying DE directly to flowers or areas where bees are actively foraging. Apply it in the early morning or late evening when bees are less active.
6. How do I store diatomaceous earth?
Store DE in a dry, airtight container in a cool, dark place. This will prevent it from absorbing moisture and losing its effectiveness.
7. Is diatomaceous earth organic?
Yes, diatomaceous earth is considered an organic substance. It is a naturally occurring sedimentary rock formed from fossilized diatoms and is not chemically processed.
8. Can diatomaceous earth be used in swimming pools?
Yes, filter-grade DE is commonly used as a filter aid in swimming pools to improve water clarity and remove impurities. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper application and dosage.
9. How does diatomaceous earth differ from other insecticides?
Unlike many synthetic insecticides, DE is a natural, non-toxic alternative that works by physical means rather than chemical poisoning. This reduces the risk of insects developing resistance over time.
10. What are the potential side effects of consuming food-grade diatomaceous earth?
Some people may experience mild digestive discomfort, such as gas or bloating, when consuming food-grade DE. Start with a small dose and gradually increase it as tolerated.
11. Can diatomaceous earth be used to control bed bugs?
Yes, diatomaceous earth can be an effective tool for controlling bed bugs. Apply a thin layer of DE to areas where bed bugs are likely to hide, such as cracks and crevices in furniture, mattresses, and walls.
12. Where can I purchase diatomaceous earth?
Diatomaceous earth can be purchased at garden centers, hardware stores, pet supply stores, and online retailers. Be sure to check the label to ensure you are purchasing the appropriate grade for your intended use.
Conclusion
Diatomaceous earth is a remarkable natural substance with a wide array of applications. From pest control and gardening to industrial filtration and potential health benefits, its unique properties make it a valuable resource. By understanding its potential uses and following safety precautions, you can harness the power of DE for a variety of purposes. Remember to always choose the appropriate grade of DE for your specific needs and consult with experts when necessary.