How Do You Apply Diatomaceous Earth? A Comprehensive Guide
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is applied in a variety of ways depending on its intended use, ranging from pest control to filtration. The key is to understand the type of DE you’re using (food grade versus filter grade) and the specific application method most effective for your situation.
Understanding Diatomaceous Earth: A Primer
Diatomaceous earth is a naturally occurring, siliceous sedimentary mineral compound from fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled algae. These microscopic shells have sharp edges at a microscopic level, making them incredibly effective at disrupting the exoskeletons of insects and absorbing moisture. The two primary types of DE are food grade, safe for consumption and use around humans and animals, and filter grade, used in industrial filtration processes and not safe for human or animal consumption. This article will focus primarily on the application of food-grade DE.
Application Methods: A Step-by-Step Guide
The application method for diatomaceous earth varies depending on the target. Here’s a breakdown of the most common uses:
Pest Control
- For Crawling Insects Indoors: Lightly dust areas where insects are likely to travel, such as baseboards, cracks, crevices, under appliances, and around pipes. A duster or puffer bottle is the ideal tool for even distribution. Avoid creating thick piles, as insects are more likely to avoid them.
- For Crawling Insects Outdoors: Apply DE around the perimeter of your house, garden beds, and any areas where insects are prevalent. Again, a light dusting is more effective than a heavy application. Consider applying after rain or dew has dried, as DE is more effective when dry.
- For Flea Control: Thoroughly vacuum your home. Then, lightly dust carpets, rugs, pet bedding, and furniture with DE. Work it into the fibers with a broom or brush. Allow it to sit for 48-72 hours before vacuuming again. Repeat as needed.
- For Garden Pests: Apply DE directly to plants, focusing on areas where pests are concentrated. Dust leaves, stems, and surrounding soil. Reapply after rain or watering. A garden duster specifically designed for DE is recommended for optimal coverage.
Livestock and Pet Applications
- Parasite Control in Livestock: DE can be mixed into livestock feed as a natural dewormer and fly control agent. Follow recommended dosage guidelines carefully based on animal weight. Always use food-grade DE for internal applications. Consult with a veterinarian before implementing any new feeding regimen.
- Dust Bath for Poultry: Provide a container filled with DE for your chickens to dust themselves. This helps control mites and lice. Ensure the container is in a dry area.
Other Applications
- Storage of Grains: DE can be added to stored grains to prevent insect infestations. Ensure thorough mixing and use only food-grade DE.
- Deodorizing: Sprinkle DE on carpets, pet beds, or in garbage cans to absorb odors. Let it sit for a few hours, then vacuum or sweep away.
Key Considerations for Safe and Effective Application
- Always use food-grade DE for applications involving humans, animals, or food. Filter-grade DE can be harmful if ingested or inhaled.
- Wear a dust mask when applying DE, especially in enclosed spaces. While food-grade DE is considered safe, the fine particles can irritate the lungs.
- Avoid applying DE directly to beneficial insects such as bees and ladybugs. Focus application on areas where target pests are present.
- Reapply DE after rain or watering as it loses its effectiveness when wet.
- Store DE in a dry place to prevent clumping.
Diatomaceous Earth: FAQs
Here are answers to some common questions about diatomaceous earth:
What is the difference between food-grade and filter-grade diatomaceous earth?
Food-grade DE is processed differently to ensure it’s safe for consumption and use around humans and animals. Filter-grade DE contains a higher concentration of crystalline silica, which is harmful if inhaled or ingested. Never use filter-grade DE in food or around animals.
Is diatomaceous earth safe for pets?
Yes, food-grade DE is generally considered safe for pets when used correctly. It can be used to control fleas and internal parasites. However, always consult with your veterinarian before giving DE to your pet, especially if they have any underlying health conditions.
How long does it take for diatomaceous earth to kill insects?
DE typically kills insects within 24-72 hours. The microscopic shards damage the insect’s exoskeleton, causing dehydration.
Can I use diatomaceous earth in my garden?
Absolutely! DE is an excellent natural pest control option for gardens. It’s effective against a wide range of insects, including aphids, slugs, snails, and caterpillars.
Does diatomaceous earth kill cockroaches?
Yes, DE is effective at killing cockroaches. Apply it liberally to areas where cockroaches are known to frequent, such as cracks, crevices, and under appliances.
Can diatomaceous earth be used to control bed bugs?
DE can be part of a comprehensive bed bug control strategy. Apply it to cracks and crevices in beds, headboards, and baseboards. However, it’s most effective when combined with other methods, such as professional pest control services.
Will diatomaceous earth harm earthworms?
Yes, DE can harm earthworms if applied directly to them. Earthworms need a moist surface to breathe, and DE can dry them out. Avoid applying DE directly to areas where earthworms are concentrated.
How often should I reapply diatomaceous earth?
Reapply DE after rain or watering as it loses its effectiveness when wet. Otherwise, reapply every few weeks or as needed to maintain pest control.
Can I use diatomaceous earth to control ants?
Yes, DE is an effective ant control agent. Trace the ants’ trails and apply DE along these paths. Also, apply it around ant mounds.
How much diatomaceous earth should I use in my chicken coop?
For dusting chickens, you can place a generous amount of DE in a dust bath area. For the coop floor, use enough to lightly cover the surface, approximately 1-2 cups per 10 square feet.
Is it okay to mix diatomaceous earth with water to spray it?
While you can mix DE with water for easier application, it’s most effective when dry. Once the water evaporates, the DE will regain its effectiveness. Use a ratio of approximately 1-2 tablespoons of DE per gallon of water.
What are the potential side effects of using diatomaceous earth?
The most common side effect is respiratory irritation if inhaled. Always wear a dust mask when applying DE. Some people may also experience skin irritation from contact.
By following these guidelines and understanding the proper application techniques, you can effectively harness the power of diatomaceous earth for a variety of uses while ensuring safety for yourself, your family, and your environment.