Does Old Tar Paper Contain Asbestos? Understanding the Risks and Regulations
Yes, old tar paper manufactured before the 1980s often contains asbestos. This poses a significant health risk during removal or disturbance due to the potential release of asbestos fibers.
The Asbestos Hazard in Tar Paper: A Detailed Look
Asbestos, a naturally occurring mineral fiber, was widely used in construction materials for much of the 20th century due to its fire-resistant and insulating properties. Tar paper, also known as roofing felt or asphalt felt, was commonly used as an underlayment beneath shingles and other roofing materials. Before regulations were implemented, asbestos was a common ingredient in tar paper formulations to enhance its durability and fire resistance.
The danger lies in the friable nature of some asbestos-containing materials. When disturbed, these materials can release microscopic fibers into the air, which, when inhaled, can lead to serious respiratory illnesses, including:
- Asbestosis: A chronic, progressive, and irreversible lung disease.
- Lung Cancer: A leading cause of cancer death, significantly increased with asbestos exposure.
- Mesothelioma: A rare and aggressive cancer affecting the lining of the lungs, abdomen, or heart.
Identifying asbestos-containing tar paper can be challenging without professional testing. The age of the material is a primary indicator; if your tar paper was installed before the 1980s, it’s highly probable it contains asbestos. However, even if the age is uncertain, treating the material as potentially hazardous is the safest course of action.
Identifying Potential Asbestos-Containing Tar Paper
Several factors can suggest the presence of asbestos in tar paper:
- Age: As mentioned earlier, tar paper installed before the 1980s is more likely to contain asbestos.
- Manufacturing Marks: Some older tar paper rolls may have manufacturing markings that hint at asbestos content, though this is not always reliable.
- Visual Inspection: While not definitive, if the tar paper appears fibrous or contains visible strands, it warrants further investigation. However, relying solely on visual inspection is dangerous.
The only way to definitively determine if tar paper contains asbestos is through laboratory testing by a certified professional. Samples should be collected carefully by trained individuals to avoid fiber release.
Safely Dealing with Asbestos-Containing Tar Paper
The key to minimizing the risk associated with asbestos-containing tar paper is to avoid disturbing it. If the tar paper is in good condition and not damaged, it’s generally safe to leave it in place. However, any planned renovations, demolitions, or repairs that could potentially disturb the tar paper require professional assessment and abatement.
Professional Assessment and Abatement
- Asbestos Inspection: A certified asbestos inspector will collect samples of the tar paper and send them to a laboratory for analysis. The lab results will confirm whether or not asbestos is present and, if so, the type and percentage.
- Asbestos Abatement: If asbestos is confirmed, a licensed asbestos abatement contractor should be hired to remove or encapsulate the material safely. Abatement involves specialized equipment, techniques, and protective gear to minimize fiber release and ensure proper disposal.
- Encapsulation: In some cases, asbestos-containing tar paper can be encapsulated, meaning it is sealed with a protective coating to prevent fiber release. Encapsulation is typically used when removal is not feasible or cost-effective.
Regulations and Legal Considerations
The handling and disposal of asbestos-containing materials are strictly regulated by federal, state, and local agencies. Failing to comply with these regulations can result in significant fines and penalties. Before undertaking any work involving tar paper, it is crucial to research and understand the applicable regulations in your area. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provide extensive information on asbestos regulations and safety procedures.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Asbestos in Tar Paper
Q1: What percentage of asbestos makes tar paper dangerous?
Any amount of asbestos is considered hazardous. Even low percentages can pose a health risk if the fibers are released and inhaled. There isn’t a safe threshold; any confirmed asbestos presence necessitates careful handling.
Q2: Can I remove asbestos-containing tar paper myself?
It is strongly discouraged. Asbestos removal should only be performed by trained and licensed professionals equipped with the necessary safety equipment and knowledge to minimize fiber release. DIY removal poses significant health risks to yourself and others. In many jurisdictions, DIY removal is illegal.
Q3: How much does it cost to have asbestos-containing tar paper removed?
The cost of asbestos removal varies depending on several factors, including the size of the area, the accessibility of the material, and the local market rates for abatement services. Expect to pay several hundreds to several thousands of dollars for professional removal.
Q4: Is it safe to paint over asbestos-containing tar paper?
Painting over asbestos-containing tar paper can be a form of encapsulation, if done correctly. However, it’s not a guaranteed solution and should only be considered as a temporary measure under the advice of a qualified asbestos professional. The paint must be applied carefully and thoroughly to create a complete seal. Any future disturbance of the painted surface could still release fibers.
Q5: What should I do if I accidentally disturb asbestos-containing tar paper?
Evacuate the area immediately and prevent others from entering. Do not attempt to clean up the area yourself. Contact a qualified asbestos abatement professional to assess the situation and perform a proper cleanup.
Q6: How can I tell if my roofing shingles contain asbestos as well?
While less common, some older roofing shingles also contained asbestos. Similar to tar paper, the age of the shingles is a key indicator. Shingles manufactured before the 1980s are more likely to contain asbestos. Professional testing is the only way to confirm asbestos content.
Q7: What kind of protective gear do asbestos abatement professionals use?
Asbestos abatement professionals use a variety of protective gear, including:
- Respirators: To prevent the inhalation of asbestos fibers.
- Tyvek suits: To protect their clothing and skin from contamination.
- Gloves: To prevent skin contact with asbestos-containing materials.
- Eye protection: To protect their eyes from asbestos fibers.
Q8: What happens to asbestos-containing materials after they are removed?
Asbestos-containing materials are disposed of in specially designated landfills that are licensed to handle hazardous waste. The materials are typically sealed in airtight containers to prevent fiber release during transportation and disposal.
Q9: Can I sue if I develop an asbestos-related disease from exposure to tar paper?
You may have grounds for a lawsuit if you develop an asbestos-related disease due to exposure to asbestos-containing tar paper. Potential defendants could include manufacturers, distributors, contractors, or property owners who were negligent in exposing you to asbestos. Consulting with an attorney specializing in asbestos litigation is crucial.
Q10: How long does it take for asbestos-related diseases to develop?
Asbestos-related diseases often have a long latency period, meaning it can take 10 to 50 years or more for symptoms to appear after initial exposure. This makes it difficult to trace the source of exposure.
Q11: What are the symptoms of asbestos-related diseases?
Symptoms of asbestos-related diseases can vary depending on the specific disease. Common symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath
- Persistent cough
- Chest pain
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
Q12: Where can I find a certified asbestos inspector or abatement contractor?
You can find certified asbestos inspectors and abatement contractors through professional organizations like the National Asbestos Council (NAC) or by contacting your local health department or environmental agency. Always verify their credentials and licensing before hiring them.